Question

which of the following best helps to explain why the electron affinity of br has a greater magnitude than that of i? a br has a lower electronegativity than i does. b br has a lower ionization energy than i does. c an added electron would go into a new shell in br but not in i. d there is a greater attraction between an added electron and the nucleus in br than in i. which of the following best helps explain why the electronegativity of cl is less than that of f? a the mass of the cl atom is greater than the mass of the f atom. b the cl nucleus contains more protons than the f nucleus contains. c when cl and f form bonds with other atoms, the cl bonding electrons are more shielded from the positive cl nucleus than the f bonding electrons are shielded

Explanation:

1. For the first question about Br and I: Electron - affinity is related to the attraction between the added electron and the nucleus. Bromine (Br) is smaller than iodine (I), so an added electron is closer to the nucleus in Br, resulting in a greater attraction. Option D correctly states this. Option A is incorrect as Br has a higher electronegativity than I. Option B is wrong because Br has a higher ionization energy than I. Option C is incorrect since an added electron goes into a new shell in I, not Br.
2. For the second question about Cl and F: Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract bonding electrons. Fluorine (F) is smaller than chlorine (Cl). The bonding electrons in Cl are more shielded from the positive nucleus by inner - shell electrons compared to F, making F more electronegative. Option C is correct. Option A is wrong as mass is not related to electronegativity. Option B is incorrect because although Cl has more protons, the shielding effect in Cl is more significant.

Answer:

1. D. There is a greater attraction between an added electron and the nucleus in Br than in I.
2. C. When Cl and F form bonds with other atoms, the Cl bonding electrons are more shielded from the positive Cl nucleus than the F bonding electrons are shielded.