Question

for each nonmetal below, identify how many covalent bonds (shared electron pairs) it forms with other atoms to fill its valence shell.
element number of covalent bonds
h
c
n
o
br
show periodic table

Explanation:

Step1: Analyze Hydrogen (H)

Hydrogen has 1 valence electron. To fill its valence shell (needs 2 electrons for duet rule), it forms 1 covalent bond (shares 1 electron pair).

Step2: Analyze Carbon (C)

Carbon has 4 valence electrons. To fill its valence shell (octet rule, needs 8 electrons), it forms 4 covalent bonds (shares 4 electron pairs).

Step3: Analyze Nitrogen (N)

Nitrogen has 5 valence electrons. To achieve octet, it needs 3 more electrons, so it forms 3 covalent bonds.

Step4: Analyze Oxygen (O)

Oxygen has 6 valence electrons. To achieve octet, it needs 2 more electrons, so it forms 2 covalent bonds.

Step5: Analyze Bromine (Br)

Bromine is in group 17, has 7 valence electrons. To achieve octet, it needs 1 more electron, so it forms 1 covalent bond (similar to halogens like Cl, F).

Answer:

Element	Number of covalent bonds
C	4
N	3
O	2
Br	1