Question

gene expression: a recap of protein synthesis
to understand the regulation of gene expression, you need to have a firm grasp of the process of protein synthesis - lets recap this quickly first!

1. label the diagram below to summarize eukaryotic protein synthesis.
2. which enzyme is used to break hydrogen bonds between dna bases and synthesize mrna?

type here

1. what is the name of the region of dna that the enzyme above can bind to?

circle the correct answer:
promoter attacher sequencer

1. what are the two stages of protein synthesis & where do they occur?

stage 1
location
stage 2
location
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Explanation:

1. For the eukaryotic protein synthesis diagram: The top box (nucleus) is Transcription, the middle box (cytoplasm/ribosome area) is Translation, the bottom box is Protein (polypeptide chain).
2. The enzyme that breaks DNA hydrogen bonds and synthesizes mRNA is RNA polymerase, as it carries out transcription.
3. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region of DNA, which is the correct regulatory sequence.
4. Protein synthesis has two core stages: transcription occurs in the nucleus (eukaryotes), and translation occurs in the cytoplasm at ribosomes.

Answer:

1. Diagram labels (top to bottom):

• Top box: Transcription
• Middle box: Translation
• Bottom box: Protein (polypeptide chain)

1. RNA polymerase
2. Promoter
3. Stage 1: Transcription; Location: Nucleus

Stage 2: Translation; Location: Cytoplasm (at ribosomes)