Question

1. list the factors that affect chlorination of drinking water?
2. describe disinfection as a process in drinking water treatment.

Explanation:

1. For chlorination factors: pH impacts chlorine form/effectiveness; temperature alters reaction rates; dosage must be sufficient for disinfection; contact time ensures pathogen exposure; organic matter reacts with chlorine reducing its efficacy; turbidity hides pathogens from chlorine; ammonia forms chloramines changing disinfection properties.
2. For disinfection process: It follows primary treatment (sedimentation, filtration) to target remaining pathogens, making water safe for human consumption by eliminating disease-causing agents and maintaining residual protection in distribution systems.

Answer:

1. The factors affecting drinking water chlorination are: pH level, water temperature, chlorine dosage, contact time, presence of organic matter, water turbidity, and presence of ammonia.
2. Disinfection is a critical drinking water treatment process that uses chemical (e.g., chlorine, chloramines) or physical (e.g., UV light) agents to inactivate or kill pathogenic microorganisms (like bacteria, viruses, protozoa) that cause waterborne diseases, while also providing residual protection against recontamination as water travels to consumers.