Question

match the letter for each orbital diagram with the corresponding element: a ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑ b ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ c ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑ ↑ d ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑ ↑ ↑ a choose b choose p cl o ne s n ar f si c d

Explanation:

1. Recall the electron - filling rules and valence - electron configurations of elements. Each box represents an orbital and the arrows represent electrons with their spins.
2. Phosphorus (P) has an electron configuration of [Ne]3s²3p³. It has 3 unpaired electrons in the 3p orbitals.
3. Chlorine (Cl) has an electron configuration of [Ne]3s²3p⁵. It has 1 unpaired electron in the 3p orbitals.
4. Oxygen (O) has an electron configuration of [He]2s²2p⁴. It has 2 unpaired electrons in the 2p orbitals.
5. Neon (Ne) has a full - shell electron configuration of [He]2s²2p⁶ with no unpaired electrons.
6. Sulfur (S) has an electron configuration of [Ne]3s²3p⁴. It has 2 unpaired electrons in the 3p orbitals.
7. Nitrogen (N) has an electron configuration of [He]2s²2p³. It has 3 unpaired electrons in the 2p orbitals.
8. Argon (Ar) has a full - shell electron configuration of [Ne]3s²3p⁶ with no unpaired electrons.
9. Fluorine (F) has an electron configuration of [He]2s²2p⁵. It has 1 unpaired electron in the 2p orbitals.
10. Silicon (Si) has an electron configuration of [Ne]3s²3p². It has 2 unpaired electrons in the 3p orbitals.
11. Analyze each orbital diagram:

• Diagram A has 3 unpaired electrons in the outer - most p - orbitals, similar to N or P.
• Diagram B has all orbitals filled in the outer - most p - subshell, similar to Ne or Ar.
• Diagram C has 2 unpaired electrons in the outer - most p - orbitals, similar to O, S or Si.
• Diagram D has 4 electrons in the outer - most p - orbitals with 2 unpaired, similar to O, S or Si.

Answer:

A. P
B. Ne
C. S
D. O