part c: application & critical thinking
9. oxygen has an atomic number of 8.
- how many protons does it have? ______
- how many electrons does it have? ______
10. compare sodium (na) and chlorine (cl) using the periodic table.
- which one is metal? ______
- which one is nonmetal? ______
- when combined, what type of compound do they form? ______
11. explain why elements in the same group (like lithium, sodium, potassium) react in similar ways.

Question

part c: application & critical thinking
9. oxygen has an atomic number of 8.
   - how many protons does it have? ______
   - how many electrons does it have? ______
10. compare sodium (na) and chlorine (cl) using the periodic table.
    - which one is metal? ______
    - which one is nonmetal? ______
    - when combined, what type of compound do they form? ______
11. explain why elements in the same group (like lithium, sodium, potassium) react in similar ways.

Accepted Answer

### Question 9
#### How many protons does oxygen have?
# Explanation:
## Step1: Recall atomic number definition
The atomic number of an element is equal to the number of protons in its nucleus.
## Step2: Apply to oxygen
Oxygen has an atomic number of 8, so the number of protons is equal to its atomic number.
# Answer: 8

#### How many electrons does oxygen have?
# Explanation:
## Step1: Recall neutral atom electron - proton relation
In a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons.
## Step2: Apply to oxygen
We know oxygen has 8 protons (from its atomic number), so a neutral oxygen atom has 8 electrons.
# Answer: 8

### Question 10
#### Which one is metal?
# Explanation:
## Step1: Recall metal - non - metal classification
Metals are typically found on the left - hand side and in the middle of the periodic table. Sodium (Na) is in Group 1 (alkali metals), and elements in Group 1 are metals. Chlorine (Cl) is in Group 17 (halogens), which are non - metals.
# Answer: Sodium (Na)

#### Which one is nonmetal?
# Explanation:
## Step1: Recall non - metal properties and location
Non - metals are often found on the right - hand side of the periodic table (except for hydrogen). Chlorine (Cl) is in Group 17, which consists of non - metals. Sodium (Na) is a metal.
# Answer: Chlorine (Cl)

#### When combined, what type of compound do they form?
# Explanation:
## Step1: Recall ion formation and compound type
Sodium (a metal) will lose one electron to form a $Na^+$ ion, and chlorine (a non - metal) will gain one electron to form a $Cl^-$ ion. When a metal and a non - metal combine, they form an ionic compound through the transfer of electrons. The compound formed between sodium and chlorine is sodium chloride ($NaCl$), which is an ionic compound.
# Answer: Ionic compound (specifically, sodium chloride is an ionic compound)

### Question 11
# Explanation:
## Step1: Recall group and valence electrons
Elements in the same group of the periodic table have the same number of valence electrons. For example, lithium (Li), sodium (Na), and potassium (K) are all in Group 1, so they each have 1 valence electron.
## Step2: Relate valence electrons to chemical reactivity
The chemical reactivity of an element is mainly determined by the number of valence electrons it has. Since elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons, they tend to gain, lose, or share electrons in similar ways during chemical reactions, which leads to similar chemical properties and similar reaction patterns.
# Answer: Elements in the same group (e.g., Li, Na, K) have the same number of valence electrons. Chemical reactivity is largely determined by the number of valence electrons, so elements with the same number of valence electrons (same group) react in similar ways.

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QUESTION IMAGE

Question

Explanation:

Question 9

How many protons does oxygen have?

Step1: Recall atomic number definition

Step2: Apply to oxygen

Step1: Recall neutral atom electron - proton relation

Step2: Apply to oxygen

Step1: Recall metal - non - metal classification

Answer:

How many electrons does oxygen have?