Question

periodic table basics

1. which elements had complete outer shells? give the name and symbol for each.

what do you notice about the location of these elements?

1. which elements had only one valence electron? give the name and symbol for each.

what do you notice about location of these elements?

1. what do you notice about the number of valence electrons as you move from left to right across a row or period in the periodic table? (na →mg →al →si →p →s →cl →ar)
2. what do you notice about the number of energy levels or shells as you move down a group or column in the periodic table? (h → li → na)
3. write the name of each family at the top of the columns on your periodic table using the following information.

alkali metals - 1 valence electron
alkaline earth metals - 2 valence electrons
boron family - 3 valence electrons
carbon family - 4 valence electrons
nitrogen family - 5 valence electrons
oxygen family - 6 valence electrons
halides - 7 valence electrons
noble gases - complete outer shells

1. what do you notice about the location of the elements in each family?
2. in what family would you classify hydrogen? explain your choice.
3. in what family would each of these elements be classified?

radium -
iodine -
tin -
cesium -

1. predict the number of valence electrons for each element based on its location in the periodic table of elements. you will need to use the table in your textbook.

barium =
lead =
bismuth =
potassium =

Explanation:

Step1: Elements with complete outer shells

Noble gases have complete outer - shells. Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe), Radon (Rn). They are located in Group 18 of the periodic table.

Step2: Elements with one valence electron

Alkali metals (Group 1) have one valence electron. Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), etc. They are in the first column of the periodic table.

Step3: Valence electrons across a period

As you move from left to right across a period, the number of valence electrons increases by 1. For example, in period 3: Sodium (Na) has 1, Magnesium (Mg) has 2, Aluminium (Al) has 3, Silicon (Si) has 4, Phosphorus (P) has 5, Sulfur (S) has 6, Chlorine (Cl) has 7, Argon (Ar) has 8.

Step4: Energy levels down a group

As you move down a group, the number of energy levels or shells increases. For example, Hydrogen (H) has 1 shell, Lithium (Li) has 2 shells, Sodium (Na) has 3 shells.

Step5: Naming families

Alkali Metals - Group 1; Alkaline Earth Metals - Group 2; Boron Family - Group 13; Carbon Family - Group 14; Nitrogen Family - Group 15; Oxygen Family - Group 16; Halides - Group 17; Noble Gases - Group 18.

Step6: Location of family elements

Elements in the same family are in the same vertical column (group) of the periodic table.

Step7: Classifying hydrogen

Hydrogen can be considered in the alkali - metal family because it has 1 valence electron, but it also has non - metallic properties and can form compounds like a non - metal.

Step8: Classifying elements

Radium is in the Alkaline Earth Metals (Group 2); Iodine is in the Halides (Group 17); Tin is in the Carbon Family (Group 14); Cesium is in the Alkali Metals (Group 1).

Step9: Predicting valence electrons

Barium (Group 2) has 2 valence electrons; Lead (Group 14) has 4 valence electrons; Bismuth (Group 15) has 5 valence electrons; Potassium (Group 1) has 1 valence electron.

Answer:

1. Noble Gases: Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe), Radon (Rn). They are in Group 18.
2. Alkali Metals: Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), etc. They are in Group 1.
3. The number of valence electrons increases by 1 from left to right across a period.
4. The number of energy levels or shells increases as you move down a group.
5. Alkali Metals - Group 1; Alkaline Earth Metals - Group 2; Boron Family - Group 13; Carbon Family - Group 14; Nitrogen Family - Group 15; Oxygen Family - Group 16; Halides - Group 17; Noble Gases - Group 18.
6. Elements in the same family are in the same group (vertical column).
7. It can be considered in the alkali - metal family due to 1 valence electron, but has non - metallic properties too.
8. Radium: Alkaline Earth Metals; Iodine: Halides; Tin: Carbon Family; Cesium: Alkali Metals.
9. Barium: 2; Lead: 4; Bismuth: 5; Potassium: 1.