Question

question 13
use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
which of the following has a hydrogen ion concentration approximately 1000 times higher than pure water?
normal rainwater
acid rain
lemon juice
ammonia
soft soap
question 14
electrically charged atoms or combinations of atoms are called ______

Explanation:

Question 13

Step1: Recall pH - hydrogen ion concentration relation

The pH scale is logarithmic. The formula for pH is $pH=-\log[H^+]$, where $[H^+]$ is the hydrogen - ion concentration. Pure water has a pH of 7, so $[H^+]_{water}=10^{-7}\ M$. If a substance has a hydrogen - ion concentration 1000 times higher than pure water, then $[H^+] = 1000\times10^{-7}=10^{-4}\ M$. Using the pH formula, $pH =-\log(10^{-4}) = 4$.

Step2: Identify substance with pH = 4

From the given figure, acid rain has a pH of approximately 4.

By definition, electrically charged atoms or combinations of atoms are called ions. Monatomic ions are single - atom ions (e.g., $Na^+$, $Cl^-$), and polyatomic ions are ions made up of more than one atom (e.g., $NO_3^-$, $SO_4^{2 -}$).

Answer:

acid rain

Question 14