Question

step 3: write answers to the following questions. you must provide examples for your answers to earn credit. 1. identify and describe the arrangement and motion of molecules in each state of matter. 2. why does matter increase in volume when it heats up? 3. if i have a block of solid gold and i continually add energy to it, will it continually increase in temperature? explain.

Explanation:

1. Solid: Molecules are closely packed in a regular pattern and vibrate in place. For example, in an ice - cube, water molecules are arranged in a lattice structure and have limited movement. Liquid: Molecules are close together but can slide past one another. Water in a glass is a common example; the water molecules move more freely than in ice but are still in contact with each other. Gas: Molecules are far apart and move freely in all directions. Air in a room is an example, with nitrogen, oxygen and other gas molecules moving randomly.
2. When matter heats up, the kinetic energy of its molecules increases. The molecules move more vigorously and spread out, causing the volume to increase. For example, a balloon filled with air expands when placed in a warm environment as the air molecules inside gain energy and push the walls of the balloon outward.
3. No, it will not continually increase in temperature. When solid gold is heated, initially its temperature will rise as it absorbs energy. But once it reaches its melting point, the added energy is used for the phase - change from solid to liquid (latent heat of fusion) and the temperature remains constant during this phase - change process. Similarly, when it reaches its boiling point, the added energy is used for the phase - change from liquid to gas (latent heat of vaporization) and the temperature does not increase during this phase - change.

Answer:

1. Solid: Closely - packed, regular pattern, vibrate in place (e.g., ice - cube). Liquid: Close together, can slide past each other (e.g., water in a glass). Gas: Far apart, move freely (e.g., air in a room).
2. Molecules gain kinetic energy and spread out (e.g., balloon filled with air in warm environment).
3. No. Energy is used for phase - changes at melting and boiling points and temperature remains constant during phase - changes (e.g., solid gold at melting and boiling points).