Question

4 - synthesize the information you learned about ionic and covalent bonding to complete the chart:

ionic	both	covalent
△	elemental composition	△
△	structure	△
△	melting point	△
△	boiling point	△
△	conductivity	△

Explanation:

To complete the chart, we analyze ionic and covalent bonding:

• Valence Electrons:
• Ionic: Transfer valence electrons (metal → nonmetal).
• Covalent: Share valence electrons (between nonmetals).

• Elemental Composition:
• Ionic: Metal + nonmetal (or polyatomic ions).
• Covalent: Nonmetal + nonmetal (or metalloid + nonmetal).

• Structure:
• Ionic: Crystal lattice (repeating ion pattern).
• Covalent: Molecules (discrete or network, e.g., diamond).

• Melting/Boiling Points:
• Ionic: High (strong ion - ion forces).
• Covalent: Low (weak intermolecular forces; except network covalent, e.g., diamond, which has high points).

• Conductivity:
• Ionic: Conducts when dissolved/molten (ions move).
• Covalent: Does not conduct (no free ions/electrons; except some polar covalent in solution, but generally non - conductive).

Answer:

Ionic	both	Covalent
Metal + nonmetal (or polyatomic ions)	Elemental Composition	Nonmetal + nonmetal (or metalloid + nonmetal)
Crystal lattice structure	Structure	Molecular (or network covalent) structure
High melting point	Melting Point	Low melting point (except network covalent)
High boiling point	Boiling Point	Low boiling point (except network covalent)
Conducts in molten/dissolved state	Conductivity	Does not conduct (usually)