true/false. write t if the statement is true and f if the statement is false. 1) an amorphous solid has long range, repeating order. 2) liquids have definite volume and indefinite shape. 3) in a solid substance, the atoms or molecules oscillate and vibrate about a fixed point. 4) air is a pure substance. 5) saltwater is a homogeneous mixture. 6) sugar is a pure substance. 7) flammability of gasoline is a chemical property. 8) the melting of ice is a physical change. 9) the corrosion of iron is a physical change. 10) a chemical change occurs when matter does not change its composition. 11) like mass, energy can neither be created nor destroyed. 12) electrical energy is associated with the flow of electrical charge. 13) the coldest temperature possible is 0 k.

Question

Accepted Answer

To solve these True/False questions, we analyze each statement based on concepts from Chemistry (Physical and Chemical Properties/Changes, States of Matter, etc.):

### 1) An amorphous solid has long range, repeating order.
Amorphous solids (e.g., glass) have **short - range order** and lack long - range, repeating order (crystalline solids have long - range order).
Answer: F

### 2) Liquids have definite volume and indefinite shape.
Liquids take the shape of their container (indefinite shape) but retain a fixed volume (definite volume) because the particles are close together but can move past one another.
Answer: T

### 3) In a solid substance, the atoms or molecules oscillate and vibrate about a fixed point.
In a solid, particles are held in a rigid lattice; they vibrate/oscillate around fixed equilibrium positions (this explains the definite shape and volume of solids).
Answer: T

### 4) Air is a pure substance.
Air is a mixture of gases (e.g., $\ce{N2}$, $\ce{O2}$, $\ce{CO2}$, etc.). A pure substance has a fixed composition (element or compound), while a mixture has variable composition.
Answer: F

### 5) Saltwater is a homogeneous mixture.
Saltwater has a uniform composition throughout (the salt is evenly dissolved in water), so it is a homogeneous mixture.
Answer: T

### 6) Sugar is a pure substance.
Sugar (e.g., sucrose, $\ce{C12H22O11}$) is a compound with a fixed chemical composition, so it is a pure substance.
Answer: T

### 7) Flammability of gasoline is a chemical property.
Flammability describes a substance’s ability to undergo a chemical change (combustion, which produces new substances like $\ce{CO2}$ and $\ce{H2O}$). Chemical properties relate to chemical reactions.
Answer: T

### 8) The melting of ice is a physical change.
Melting ice changes water from solid to liquid, but the substance ($\ce{H2O}$) remains the same. Physical changes involve changes in state/shape without altering chemical composition.
Answer: T

### 9) The corrosion of iron is a physical change.
Corrosion of iron (rusting) involves iron reacting with oxygen and water to form iron oxide (rust, a new substance). This is a chemical change (new substance formed).
Answer: F

### 10) A chemical change occurs when matter does not change its composition.
A chemical change is defined as a process where matter changes its chemical composition (forms new substances). If composition does not change, it is a physical change.
Answer: F

### 11) Like mass, energy can neither be created nor destroyed.
This is the **Law of Conservation of Energy**: energy is conserved in a closed system (it can be transformed, but not created or destroyed).
Answer: T

### 12) Electrical energy is associated with the flow of electrical charge.
Electrical energy is transferred when electric charge (e.g., electrons) flows (e.g., in a circuit).
Answer: T

### 13) The coldest temperature possible is 0 K.
0 Kelvin (absolute zero) is the theoretical temperature at which all molecular motion stops; it is the lowest possible temperature.
Answer: T

### Final Answers (in order 1 - 13):
1) F
2) T
3) T
4) F
5) T
6) T
7) T
8) T
9) F
10) F
11) T
12) T
13) T

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QUESTION IMAGE

Question

Explanation:

1) An amorphous solid has long range, repeating order.

Answer:

2) Liquids have definite volume and indefinite shape.