Question

1. fill the table below with the reactions discussed.

step	location in the cell	substrate	product	energy output
with o2
2.
3.
4.
without o2
2.a)

Explanation:

Step1: Identify glycolysis

Glycolysis occurs in cytoplasm, glucose is substrate, pyruvic acid is product, 2 ATP by direct synthesis.

Step	Location in the cell	Substrate	Product	Energy output

Step2: Identify pyruvate - to - acetyl - CoA conversion

Occurs in mitochondria, pyruvic acid is substrate, acetyl - CoA is product, 2 NADH are produced per glucose.

Step	Location in the cell	Substrate	Product	Energy output

Step3: Identify citric acid cycle

Occurs in mitochondria, acetyl - CoA is substrate, products include CO₂, 2 ATP by direct synthesis, 6 NADH and 2 FADH₂ per glucose.

Step	Location in the cell	Substrate	Product	Energy output

Step4: Identify electron transport chain

Occurs in mitochondria, NADH and FADH₂ are substrates, ATP is product, about 28 ATP by ATP synthase per glucose.

Step	Location in the cell	Substrate	Product	Energy output

Step5: Identify anaerobic respiration (fermentation)

Occurs in cytoplasm, pyruvic acid is substrate. In lactic - acid fermentation, product is lactic acid; in alcoholic fermentation, products are ethanol and CO₂, little energy output.

Step	Location in the cell	Substrate	Product	Energy output

Answer:

Step	Location in the cell	Substrate	Product	Energy output
2.	Mitochondria	Pyruvic acid	Acetyl - CoA	2 NADH per glucose
3.	Mitochondria	Acetyl - CoA	CO₂, NADH, FADH₂	2 ATP by direct synthesis, 6 NADH, 2 FADH₂ per glucose
4.	Mitochondria	NADH, FADH₂	ATP	About 28 ATP by ATP synthase per glucose
2.a)	Cytoplasm	Pyruvic acid	Lactic acid (lactic - acid fermentation) or Ethanol and CO₂ (alcoholic fermentation)	Little