Question

10 multiple choice 8 points during the process of protein synthesis, each trna carries one amino acid. nucleotide. nucleic acid. fatty acid. 11 multiple choice 8 points a male and female have a child that has three copies of chromosome 18. although both parents are unaffected, their doctor claims that the disorder associated with having an extra chromosome 18 is the result of a chromosomal mutation in cells that carry inherited material. which argument supports this claim? an insertion mutation during replication allowed the genetic material of chromosome 18 to be inserted into the genetic material of another chromosome, causing three copies of chromosome 18 to be made. a nondisjunction mutation was caused by the improper separation of the genetic material during meiosis, allowing the gamete of one parent to donate two copies of chromosome 18 to the child a mutation occurred when crossing over caused chromosome 18 to be replicated twice during meiosis, allowing one parent to donate two copies of chromosome 18 to the child. a substitution mutation during replication allowed the genetic material of chromosome 18 to replace the genetic material of a nearby chromosome, causing the child to have three copies of chromosome 18.

Explanation:

1. In protein synthesis, tRNA (transfer - RNA) is responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosome to be added to the growing polypeptide chain. Each tRNA molecule has an anticodon that pairs with a codon on the mRNA and carries a specific amino acid. Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), and fatty acids are components of lipids, not involved in the tRNA - related function in protein synthesis.
2. Aneuploidy (having an abnormal number of chromosomes) such as having three copies of chromosome 18 (trisomy 18) is often caused by nondisjunction during meiosis. Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division. This can result in a gamete with an extra copy of a chromosome. Insertion, substitution mutations are point - mutations affecting individual nucleotides rather than whole chromosomes, and the description of crossing - over causing chromosome replication twice is inaccurate.

Answer:

1. A. amino acid
2. A nondisjunction mutation was caused by the improper separation of the genetic material during meiosis, allowing the gamete of one parent to donate two copies of chromosome 18 to the child.