Question

1. what discoveries were made by vesalius and harvey in the area of medicine? 11. what is robert boyle known for? 12. name two prominent female scientists of the time. 13. what was descartes first principle? 14. who developed the scientific method? 15. according to bacon, what was the true and lawful goal of the sciences? 16. what did bacon believe human power could be used to do? chapter 4, lesson 2 (pages 78 - 83) 17. what was the enlightenment? 18. what were the common words of the thinkers of the enlightenment?

Explanation:

1. Vesalius made significant contributions to human anatomy with his detailed studies, and Harvey discovered the circulation of blood.
2. Robert Boyle is known for Boyle's law, which describes the relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas at constant temperature.
3. Two prominent female scientists of the time could be Marie Curie, known for her work on radioactivity, and Rosalind Franklin, who contributed to the discovery of the DNA - double helix structure.
4. Descartes' first principle was "Cogito, ergo sum" (I think, therefore I am), which was the foundation of his philosophical system.
5. The scientific method was developed by multiple figures over time, but Francis Bacon is often credited with formalizing and promoting its use.
6. According to Bacon, the true and lawful goal of the sciences was to relieve man's estate by providing practical benefits and knowledge for the improvement of human life.
7. Bacon believed human power could be used to master and manipulate nature through the application of scientific knowledge.
8. The Enlightenment was an intellectual and philosophical movement in the 17th - 18th centuries that emphasized reason, individualism, skepticism, and the scientific method. It aimed to reform society using reason and advance knowledge.
9. Common words of the Enlightenment thinkers included reason, liberty, equality, progress, and nature.

Answer:

1. Vesalius: detailed human anatomy studies; Harvey: blood - circulation discovery
2. Boyle's law
3. Marie Curie, Rosalind Franklin
4. "Cogito, ergo sum"
5. Francis Bacon (among others)
6. To relieve man's estate
7. To master and manipulate nature
8. An 17th - 18th century intellectual and philosophical movement emphasizing reason, etc.
9. Reason, liberty, equality, progress, nature