Question

1. which of the following present participial phrases is a misplaced modifier? tipping his cap to his pitcher, the fans saw the manager acknowledge his respect. the pitcher, wanting to make one final start, closed his pitching career the following day. he accumulated an astounding record, striking out one tenth of the batters ever to face him. 11. which of the following sentences contains a dangling participle? buying ivory, the elephant is often killed and left to rot in the sun. poachers selling ivory have found lucrative markets. conservationists, opposing the wanton slaughter of elephants, sought international attention. 12. how are past participles and present participles different? their normal location in a sentence is always different. they are spelled differently. present participles serve as adjectives, past participles serve as adverbs. 13. which of the following is a past participle? going went gone 14. how are past participial phrases generally punctuated? same as present participial phrases different from present participial phrases never need punctuation 15. how are past participial phrases used in a sentence? as verbs as adjectives as adverbs 16. which of the following sentences contains a past participle? the letter was written yesterday. she is writing the letter today. she wrote the letter yesterday. 17. what makes a past participle a verbal? its punctuation its function as an adjective its function as a noun 18. can perfect participial phrases be used as the predicate verb in a sentence? yes seldom never 19. what must a past participial phrase coming at the beginning of a sentence modify? direct object predicate nominative subject 20. which of the following sentences contains a perfect participle? having a cold is one of the scourges of winter. the teacher, having had a severe cold for two weeks, was unable to come to class. several students also had colds.

Explanation:

1. In "Tipping his cap to his pitcher, the fans saw the manager acknowledge his respect", the present - participle phrase "tipping his cap to his pitcher" is a misplaced modifier as it seems to modify "the fans" instead of "the manager".
2. In "Buying ivory, the elephant is often killed and left to rot in the sun", the participle "buying ivory" is dangling because it doesn't have a clear noun or pronoun it modifies. It should modify the people who buy ivory, not the elephant.
3. Past and present participles are spelled differently. Present participles usually end in -ing, while past participles have various forms (e.g., regular ones end in -ed, irregular ones have unique forms like "gone", "seen").
4. "gone" is a past participle. "going" is a present participle and "went" is the simple past form of the verb "go".
5. Past participial phrases are generally punctuated the same as present participial phrases. They follow the rules of comma - usage for introductory or non - essential phrases.
6. Past participial phrases are used as adjectives in a sentence. They modify nouns or pronouns.
7. In "The letter was written yesterday", "written" is a past participle. In "She is writing the letter today", "writing" is a present participle and "She wrote the letter yesterday" uses the simple past form "wrote".
8. A past participle is a verbal because of its function as an adjective. It modifies nouns or pronouns.
9. Perfect participial phrases can never be used as the predicate verb in a sentence. They are used to show an action completed before another action.
10. A past participial phrase coming at the beginning of a sentence must modify the subject.
11. In "The teacher, having had a severe cold for two weeks, was unable to come to class", "having had" is a perfect participle. "Having a cold is one of the scourges of winter" uses a gerund - phrase and "Several students also had colds" uses the simple past tense of the verb "have".

Answer:

1. Tipping his cap to his pitcher, the fans saw the manager acknowledge his respect.
2. Buying ivory, the elephant is often killed and left to rot in the sun.
3. They are spelled differently.
4. gone
5. same as present participial phrases
6. as adjectives
7. The letter was written yesterday.
8. its function as an adjective
9. Never
10. Subject
11. The teacher, having had a severe cold for two weeks, was unable to come to class.