Question

1. what was the eventual result of the scientific contributions of rené descartes and francis bacon?

a. a new step-by-step scientific method resulted, based on inquiry, experimentation, and observation.
b. a new body of science called chemistry was established, which proposed that all matter is composed of tiny particles.
c. mathematics was applied to the movement of planets, in which laws of gravity were observed and established.
d. the geocentric view of the universe was discarded, in spite of church pressure in favor of the heliocentric model.

1. what was the most immediate effect of the printing press?

a. it allowed protestant sects to increase their influence by publishing books in the vernacular instead of in latin.
b. it enabled the number of people who could read and write to grow faster than the increase in books.
c. it produced more bibles to enable the catholic church to maintain its hold on european christians.
d. it greatly increased the number of books available in europe from a few thousand to millions.

1. which statement most accurately describes the encounter between hernán cortés and the aztecs?

a. the aztec king moctezuma was hostile toward cortés and wanted to imprison him.
b. the spanish scorned the aztecs religion and sought to convert them to christianity.
c. the conflict between the aztecs and cortés resulted in the death of cortés.
d. the spanish and cortés failed to reach the capital of the aztec empire.

Explanation:

1. For question 13: René Descartes emphasized deductive reasoning and Francis Bacon emphasized inductive reasoning; together their work laid the foundation for the modern scientific method based on inquiry, experimentation, and observation.
2. For question 14: The most immediate, direct effect of the printing press was a massive surge in the number of books available in Europe, as mass production made books far more accessible than the hand-copied few thousand that existed prior.
3. For question 15: A core goal of Spanish conquistadors like Hernán Cortés was religious conversion, and they viewed the Aztec religion as pagan, so they sought to convert the Aztecs to Christianity.

Answer:

1. a. A new step-by-step scientific method resulted, based on inquiry, experimentation, and observation.
2. d. It greatly increased the number of books available in Europe from a few thousand to millions.
3. b. The Spanish scorned the Aztecs' religion and sought to convert them to Christianity.