Question

1. what do the letters on the outside of the punnett square stand for?14. what do the letters on the inside of the punnett square stand for?15. in corn plants, normal height, n, is dominant to short height, n. complete these four punnett squares showing different crosses. then, shade red all the homozygous dominant offspring. shade green all the heterozygous offspring. leave all the homozygous recessive offspring unshaded.16. in guinea pigs, short hair, s, is dominant to long hair, s. complete the following punnett square according to the directions given. then, fill in the blanks beside each punnett square with correct numbers.a. one guinea pig is ss and one is ss.expected number of offspringshort hair (ss or ss)

Explanation:

1. For questions 13 and 14: Punnett squares are used in genetics to predict offspring genotypes. The outer letters represent the gametes (sex cells) each parent can contribute, while inner letters are the combined genotypes of the offspring from the parental gametes.
2. For question 15: Each Punnett square is filled by combining the row and column parental alleles. Genotypes are classified as:

• Homozygous dominant: $NN$ (red shade)
• Heterozygous: $Nn$ (green shade)
• Homozygous recessive: $nn$ (unshaded)

1. For question 16a: Cross $Ss \times ss$ produces offspring genotypes, and short hair includes $Ss$ (dominant trait expressed).

Answer:

1. They stand for the gametes (alleles) that each parent can pass on to their offspring.
2. They stand for the possible genotypes of the offspring resulting from the combination of parental gametes.

15.

• First Punnett square (parents $nn \times NN$):

	$N$	$N$
$n$	$Nn$ (green)	$Nn$ (green)

• Second Punnett square (parents $NN \times Nn$):

	$N$	$n$
$N$	$NN$ (red)	$Nn$ (green)

• Third Punnett square (parents $Nn \times Nn$):

	$N$	$n$
$n$	$Nn$ (green)	$nn$ (unshaded)

• Fourth Punnett square (parents $nn \times Nn$):

	$N$	$n$
$n$	$Nn$ (green)	$nn$ (unshaded)

16a.

• Punnett square:

	$S$	$s$
$s$	$Ss$	$ss$

• Expected number of short hair offspring: 2 (out of 4 total)