Question

1. define the following terms: a. closed system b. consumer c. decomposer d. biosphere e. ecosystem f. lithosphere g. geosphere h. open system i. producer

Explanation:

a. A closed system is one that exchanges energy but not matter with its surroundings.
b. A consumer is an organism that obtains energy by eating other organisms.
c. A decomposer is an organism that breaks down dead or decaying matter, recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem.
d. The biosphere is the global sum of all ecosystems, where all life exists.
e. An ecosystem is a community of living organisms interacting with each other and their non - living environment.
f. The lithosphere is the rigid, outermost shell of the Earth, consisting of the crust and the uppermost mantle.
g. The geosphere refers to the solid parts of the Earth, including rocks, minerals, and landforms.
h. An open system exchanges both energy and matter with its surroundings.
i. A producer is an organism that can make its own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis, typically plants or some bacteria.

Answer:

a. A system that exchanges energy but not matter with surroundings.
b. Organism that eats other organisms for energy.
c. Organism that breaks down dead matter.
d. Global sum of all ecosystems with life.
e. Community of living and non - living interacting.
f. Rigid outer shell of Earth (crust and upper mantle).
g. Solid parts of the Earth including rocks etc.
h. System that exchanges energy and matter with surroundings.
i. Organism that makes its own food (e.g., via photosynthesis).