Question

1. fill in the table below where each of the phases of nuclear and cell division is listed in the left hand column and write a description of what is happening during that phase in the right hand column.

phase of cellular division	description of what is occurring in the cell during this phase.
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
cytokinesis

1. in some cells, mitosis occurs without cytokinesis. what would the resulting cell look like?
2. explain the importance of mitosis of cells in a skinned knee and during the growth of a plant.
3. with your group, consider the effect on a cell if the sister chromatids did not line up correctly during metaphase. for example, if some lined up side by side instead of single file along the middle, how might this affect the resulting cells?

Explanation:

For Question 17:

Each description corresponds to the key cellular events of each mitotic and cytokinesis phase, focusing on chromosome and cell structure changes.

For Question 18:

Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm; without it, the nuclear division (mitosis) creates multiple nuclei but the cell does not split into separate cells.

For Question 19:

Mitosis produces genetically identical daughter cells, which supports tissue repair in animals and growth/development in plants.

For Question 20:

Proper metaphase alignment ensures equal chromosome distribution; misalignment disrupts this, leading to unequal chromosome counts in daughter cells.

Answer:

17.

Phase of Cellular Division	Description of what is occurring in the cell during this phase.
Metaphase	Chromosomes line up along the cell's equatorial plate; spindle fibers attach to centromeres.
Anaphase	Sister chromatids separate; pulled to opposite cell poles by spindle fibers.
Telophase	Chromosomes decondense; nuclear envelopes reform; spindle fibers disassemble.
Cytokinesis	Cytoplasm splits; forms two genetically identical daughter cells.

1. The resulting cell will be a single, large cell that contains multiple separate nuclei (each with a full set of chromosomes from mitosis), with one shared cytoplasm.

1. - Skinned knee: Mitosis produces new, identical skin cells to replace damaged/dead cells, closing the wound and repairing the tissue.

• Plant growth: Mitosis generates new identical cells at meristems, allowing the plant to increase in size (height, width) and produce new structures like leaves, roots, and stems.

1. If sister chromatids do not line up correctly during metaphase, the spindle fibers will not separate the chromatids evenly during anaphase. This will result in the daughter cells having an abnormal number of chromosomes (aneuploidy), which can lead to genetic defects, cell dysfunction, or cell death.