25-26 academic biology midterm study guide
cells unit:
1. what could be called he president\ of the cell (\controls\ the cell)?
2. what organelle cleans up dead or unwanted cell parts?
3. what is like the upstairs attic of the cell? (used for storage).
4. what assembles proteins?
5. the jelly - like substance organelles sit in is called the:
a. cytosol
b. sandwich
c. cytoplasm
d. cytosaline
6. what could be called he post office\ of the cell?
7. there are two organelles that have another organelle embedded in (inside/on) them. name one of them.
8. which organelle decides what enters and exits the cell?
a. the mitochondria
b. the nucleus
c. the dna
d. the cell membrane
9. what holds the dna?
10. what provides energy for the cell?

Question

25-26 academic biology midterm study guide
cells unit:
1. what could be called 	he president\ of the cell (\controls\ the cell)?
2. what organelle cleans up dead or unwanted cell parts?
3. what is like the upstairs attic of the cell? (used for storage).
4. what assembles proteins?
5. the jelly - like substance organelles sit in is called the:
   a. cytosol
   b. sandwich
   c. cytoplasm
   d. cytosaline
6. what could be called 	he post office\ of the cell?
7. there are two organelles that have another organelle embedded in (inside/on) them. name one of them.
8. which organelle decides what enters and exits the cell?
   a. the mitochondria
   b. the nucleus
   c. the dna
   d. the cell membrane
9. what holds the dna?
10. what provides energy for the cell?

Accepted Answer

### Question 1
# Brief Explanations:
The nucleus is the control center of the cell as it contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and regulates cell activities like growth, metabolism, and reproduction. So it's like the "President" controlling the cell.
# Answer: Nucleus

### Question 2
# Brief Explanations:
Lysosomes are organelles filled with enzymes. These enzymes help break down dead or unwanted cell parts, including old organelles, waste materials, and even foreign invaders like bacteria.
# Answer: Lysosome

### Question 3
# Brief Explanations:
Vacuoles (especially in plant cells, the central vacuole) or in animal cells, smaller vacuoles, function as storage organelles. They can store water, nutrients, waste products, etc., similar to how an attic is used for storage in a house.
# Answer: Vacuole

### Question 4
# Brief Explanations:
Ribosomes are the organelles responsible for protein synthesis. They read the genetic code from messenger RNA (mRNA) and assemble amino acids into polypeptide chains (proteins).
# Answer: Ribosome

### Question 5
# Brief Explanations:
The jelly - like substance that organelles are suspended in is the cytoplasm. Cytoplasm consists of the cytosol (the liquid part) and the organelles within it. Option a (Cytosol) is just the liquid part, option b (Sandwich) is irrelevant, option d (Cytosaline) is not a correct term for this structure. So the correct answer is c.
# Answer: c. Cytoplasm

### Question 6
# Brief Explanations:
The Golgi apparatus (or Golgi body) modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids received from the endoplasmic reticulum. It then sends these molecules to their final destinations within the cell or outside the cell, similar to how a post office processes and distributes mail.
# Answer: Golgi Apparatus (or Golgi Body)

### Question 7
# Brief Explanations:
One example is the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), which has ribosomes embedded on its surface. Another is the mitochondrion, which has its own ribosomes (and DNA) embedded within it. The chloroplast (in plant cells) also has its own ribosomes and DNA embedded within it. We can choose the rough endoplasmic reticulum here.
# Answer: Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (or Mitochondrion, or Chloroplast)

### Question 8
# Brief Explanations:
The cell membrane (or plasma membrane) is a selectively permeable barrier. It controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell, allowing necessary molecules like oxygen, glucose, and water to enter and waste products or harmful substances to be kept out or removed. Mitochondria (option a) produce energy, the nucleus (option b) controls the cell, and DNA (option c) is genetic material, not a structure for controlling entry/exit. So the correct answer is d.
# Answer: d. The Cell Membrane

### Question 9
# Brief Explanations:
The nucleus holds the cell's DNA. The DNA is organized into chromosomes within the nucleus, and the nucleus protects this genetic material and regulates its use in the cell's activities.
# Answer: Nucleus

### Question 10
# Brief Explanations:
Mitochondria are known as the "powerhouses" of the cell. They perform cellular respiration, which is the process of breaking down glucose (and other nutrients) to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the molecule that provides energy for most cellular processes.
# Answer: Mitochondria

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