Question

1. condensation reactions involve the removal of a molecule of ___.
2. what reaction is used to breakdown polymers? is water added or removed? how does this compare to condensation?

macromolecules

1. name the 4 main classes of macromolecules (organic molecules) & tell what 3 elements all of these contain.

carbohydrates store energy for organisms!

1. in what ratio are hydrogen & oxygen atoms in carbohydrates?
2. in what 3 forms do carbohydrates exist?
3. what are the monomers of carbohydrates called? what is their common name? give the ratio of carbons, hydrogens, & oxygens.
4. name the 3 most common monosaccharides.
5. sketch & label a molecule of each of these monosaccharides. how do they compare? write the chemical formula for all three.
6. because all 3 simple sugars have the same chemical, but different structural formulas, they are called ___.
7. what are double sugars called? name & describe the process that forms them.

Explanation:

1. Condensation reactions involve the removal of a molecule of water.
2. Hydrolysis reactions are used to break - down polymers. Water is added in hydrolysis, while it is removed in condensation.
3. The four main classes of macromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. All contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
4. In carbohydrates, hydrogen and oxygen atoms are in a 2:1 ratio.
5. Carbohydrates exist as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
6. The monomers of carbohydrates are called monosaccharides, commonly known as simple sugars. The ratio of carbons, hydrogens, and oxygens is 1:2:1.
7. The three most common monosaccharides are glucose, fructose, and galactose.
8. Glucose: $C_6H_{12}O_6$, Fructose: $C_6H_{12}O_6$, Galactose: $C_6H_{12}O_6$. They are isomers with the same chemical formula but different structures.
9. Because all 3 simple sugars have the same chemical, but different structural formulas, they are called isomers.
10. Double - sugars are called disaccharides. They are formed through a condensation reaction where two monosaccharides combine with the removal of a water molecule.

Answer:

1. Water
2. Hydrolysis; Water is added in hydrolysis, removed in condensation.
3. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids; Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
4. 2:1
5. Monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
6. Monosaccharides; Simple sugars; 1:2:1
7. Glucose, fructose, galactose
8. Glucose: $C_6H_{12}O_6$, Fructose: $C_6H_{12}O_6$, Galactose: $C_6H_{12}O_6$
9. Isomers
10. Disaccharides; Condensation reaction (two monosaccharides combine with water removal)