Question

1. part a if active transport establishes a concentration gradient with the use of atp, then the concentration gradient can be looked at as __________. potential energy that can be harnessed when molecules passively diffuse down the concentration gradient unwanted pressure that will be alleviated by channel - mediated facilitated diffusion an unusable byproduct of active transport that will simply diffuse away a byproduct of active transport that will be alleviated by pinocytosis 50. part a which of the following would not be restricted (limited) by low levels of atp? osmosis exocytosis pinocytosis phagocytosis 51. part a a cell engulfing a relatively large particle will likely utilize ________. exocytosis receptor - mediated endocytosis phagocytosis pinocytosis 52. part a if a cell is non - selectively engulfing samples of extracellular fluid, for example to absorb nutrients, it will likely utilize ________. exocytosis receptor - mediated endocytosis pinocytosis phagocytosis 53. part a if a cell is selectively reducing the concentration of a particular enzyme in the extracellular fluid it will likely utilize __________. receptor - mediated endocytosis pinocytosis exocytosis phagocytosis

Explanation:

• 49: Active transport uses ATP to create a concentration gradient. This gradient stores potential energy that can be used when molecules passively diffuse down it.
• 50: Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a semi - permeable membrane and does not require ATP. Exocytosis, pinocytosis, and phagocytosis are energy - requiring processes.
• 51: Phagocytosis is the process by which a cell engulfs large particles.
• 52: Pinocytosis is the non - selective engulfing of extracellular fluid for nutrient absorption.
• 53: Receptor - mediated endocytosis is used for the selective uptake of specific molecules like a particular enzyme in the extracellular fluid.

Answer:

1. potential energy that can be harnessed when molecules passively diffuse down the concentration gradient
2. osmosis
3. phagocytosis
4. pinocytosis
5. receptor - mediated endocytosis