Question

1. why is inhalation described as an active process?

a) it requires chest muscles to contract and use energy to move, creating a negative pressure.
b) it uses oxygen to assist chest muscles to contract, creating a negative pressure.
c) it requires the diaphragm to relax and use energy to move, creating a positive pressure.
d) it requires chest muscles to relax and use energy to move, creating a positive pressure.

1. the normal stimulus to breathe is stimulated by the chemoreceptors that measure the change of what two gases?

a) low oxygen, high carbon dioxide, hydrogen ions, and the ph of cerebrospinal fluid
b) high oxygen and low carbon dioxide
c) low hydrogen and high carbon monoxide
d) high carbon dioxide and low oxygen

1. which of the following describes why fast respiration may decrease minute volume?

a) it is due to the delay in the movement of the intercostal muscles and the pleural space.
b) the lungs may not have the time to fill and exchange gas.
c) the rate causes turbulence in the trachea that increases the friction and decreases the amount of air movement.
d) the rate does not decrease minute volume; it increases.

1. to calculate the minute volume, you need to multiply what two measurements?

a) alveolar ventilation and respiratory rate
b) tidal volume and dead - space air
c) respiratory rate and bronchial dilation
d) tidal volume and respiratory rate

1. which of the following statements best describes the exchange of gas in the alveoli?

a) blood moves from the left heart to the lungs, air arrives in the alveoli sacks, and diffusion occurs.
b) air moves into the airway, blood arrives via the pulmonary veins, and osmosis occurs.
c) blood moves by way of the pulmonary capillaries, air arrives at the alveoli, and osmosis occurs.
d) air moves into the alveoli, blood is transported by the pulmonary capillaries, and diffusion occurs.

1. the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and blood in the pulmonary capillaries is called:

a) pulmonary respiration.
b) osmosis.
c) internal respiration.
d) cellular respiration.

Explanation:

• For question 50: Inhalation is an active process as it requires chest - muscles to contract and use energy to move, creating a negative pressure which draws air in.
• For question 51: Chemoreceptors measure changes in high carbon dioxide, hydrogen ions, and the pH of cerebrospinal fluid, and low oxygen stimulates the normal breathing stimulus.
• For question 52: Fast respiration may decrease minute volume because the lungs may not have time to fill and exchange gas.
• For question 53: Minute volume is calculated by multiplying tidal volume and respiratory rate.
• For question 54: In the alveoli, air moves into the alveoli, blood is transported by the pulmonary capillaries, and gas exchange occurs via diffusion.
• For question 55: The movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and blood in the pulmonary capillaries is called pulmonary respiration.

Answer:

1. A. It requires chest muscles to contract and use energy to move, creating a negative pressure.
2. D. High carbon dioxide and low oxygen
3. B. The lungs may not have the time to fill and exchange gas.
4. D. Tidal volume and respiratory rate
5. D. Air moves into the alveoli, blood is transported by the pulmonary capillaries, and diffusion occurs.
6. A. pulmonary respiration.