Question

analysis questions: 1. where are genes found? what does a gene do? 2. distinguish between transcription and translation. transcription: translation: 3. where does transcription take place? where does translation take place? 4. how does the ribosome know which proteins to make and how to make them? 5. list the steps in protein synthesis.

Explanation:

1. Genes are found on chromosomes within the cell nucleus. They code for proteins and determine an organism's traits.
2. Transcription is the process of copying DNA into RNA in the nucleus. Translation is the process of using RNA to synthesize proteins at the ribosome.
3. Transcription occurs in the nucleus. Translation occurs at the ribosome, which can be free - floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
4. The ribosome reads the mRNA sequence. Each set of three nucleotides (codon) on the mRNA corresponds to a specific amino - acid. tRNA molecules with complementary anticodons bring the appropriate amino - acids to the ribosome.
5. The steps in protein synthesis are: transcription (DNA to mRNA in the nucleus), mRNA leaves the nucleus, translation (mRNA is read by the ribosome, tRNA brings amino - acids, and a polypeptide chain is formed).

Answer:

1. Genes are found on chromosomes in the cell nucleus. A gene codes for a protein and determines traits.
2. Transcription: Copying DNA into RNA in the nucleus. Translation: Using RNA to make proteins at the ribosome.
3. Transcription takes place in the nucleus. Translation takes place at the ribosome.
4. The ribosome reads mRNA codons. tRNA with complementary anticodons brings amino - acids.
5. Transcription in nucleus (DNA to mRNA), mRNA exits nucleus, translation at ribosome (mRNA read, tRNA brings amino - acids to form polypeptide).