Question

analyzing key concepts
industrialization
industrialization is the process of developing industries that use machines to produce goods. this process not only revolutionizes a countrys economy, it also transforms social conditions and class structures.
effects of industrialization
working conditions

• industry created many new jobs.
• factories were dirty, unsafe, and dangerous.
• long - term effect workers won higher wages, shorter hours, better conditions.

social classes

• factory workers were overworked and underpaid.
• overseers and skilled workers rose to lower middle class. factory owners and merchants formed upper middle class.
• upper class represented those in middle class who became wealthier than they were.
• long - term effect standard of living generally rose.

size of cities

• factories brought job seekers to cities.
• urban areas doubled, tripled, or quadrupled in size.
• many cities specialized in certain industries.
• long - term effect suburbs grew as people fled crowded cities.

living conditions

• cities lacked sanitary codes or building controls.
• housing, water, and social services were scarce.
• epidemics swept through the city.
• long - term effect housing, diet, and clothing improved.

this engraving shows urban growth and industrial pollution in manchester.
connect to today

1. recognizing effects what were some advantages and disadvantages of industrialization?

see skillbuilder handbook, page r6.

1. making inferences many nations around the world today are trying to industrialize. what do you think they hope to gain from that process?

Explanation:

1. Advantages: Industry created new jobs; in the long - term, workers won higher wages, and standards of living improved in terms of housing, diet, and clothing; cities specialized in certain industries. Disadvantages: Factories were dirty, unsafe, and dangerous; workers were overworked and underpaid; cities lacked sanitary codes and building controls; housing, water, and social services were scarce; epidemics swept through cities.
2. Nations may hope to gain economic growth through job creation, increased production, and potential for technological advancement; they may aim to improve living standards in the long - term as industrialization has historically led to such improvements in some places.

Answer:

1. Advantages: New jobs, higher long - term wages, improved long - term living standards, industry specialization. Disadvantages: Poor working conditions, overwork and underpayment of workers, lack of urban infrastructure, scarcity of services, spread of epidemics.
2. Economic growth, job creation, technological advancement, long - term living standard improvement.