Question

biol 1100 - 01, - 04, - 07, - 10, - 13, - 16, cellular basis of life midterm exam i(100 pts), fall, 2025

1. science entails: (a) observation; (b) collecting data; (c) hypothesizing; (d) all of the above.
2. to arrive at conclusions, science uses (a) inductive reasoning; (b) deductive reasoning; (c) both inductive and deductive reasoning; (d) neither inductive nor deductive reasoning.
3. a theory is: (a) an explanation for a phenomenon based on a great amount of evidence/data to support it; (b) an idea that was given a lot of thought; (c) a conclusion to an experiment; (d) a conclusion to a set of observations.
4. which of the following must be formulated/created to test a specific scientific question? (a) theory; (b) law; (c) fact; (d) hypothesis.
5. which of the following often takes years, maybe even decades, to formulate? (a) an hypothesis; (b) law; (c) a fact; (d) a theory.
6. a type of reasoning that uses general principle or law to predict specific results is: (a) inductive reasoning; (b) deductive reasoning; (c) neither (a) nor (b).
7. you want to test how effective a certain drug is against acne. different doses of the drug would be considered the: (a) independent variable; (b) dependent variable..
8. which of the following do not fulfill the criteria of life? (a) growth; (b) metabolism; (c) reproduction; (d) homeostasis; (e) none of the above - all of the above are criteria for life.
9. which of the following make up the mass of an atom? (a) protons and neutrons; (b) protons and electrons; (c) neutrons and electrons; (d) protons only.
10. in a water molecule, the hydrogens are bonded to the oxygen via (a) hydrogen bonds; (b) ionic bonds; (c) covalent bonds; (d) van der waals forces.
11. the forces that hold each water molecule together are short - lived. this means that at any point in time, which of the following exist? (a) h₂o; (b) oh; (c) h₃o⁺; (d) h⁺; (e) all of the above.
12. covalent bonds occur when two or more atoms share: (a) electrons; (b) electron pairs; (c) protons; (d) carbon.
13. our genetic material (genes, dna) is made up of: (a) carbohydrates; (b) proteins; (c) nucleic acids; (d) lipids.
14. complex carbohydrates are made up of:

a. branching chains of monosaccharides.
b. branching chains of amino acids.
c. longitudinal array of fatty acids.

Explanation:

1. Science involves observation, data - collection, and hypothesizing.
2. Science uses both inductive and deductive reasoning to draw conclusions.
3. A theory is an explanation for a phenomenon based on a large amount of evidence.
4. A hypothesis is formulated to test a specific scientific question.
5. Theories often take years or decades to formulate.
6. Deductive reasoning uses general principles to predict specific results.
7. In an experiment testing drug effectiveness, drug doses are the independent variable.
8. Growth, metabolism, reproduction, and homeostasis are all criteria for life.
9. The mass of an atom is made up of protons and neutrons.
10. In a water molecule, hydrogens are bonded to oxygen via covalent bonds.
11. All of \(H_2O\), \(OH^-\), \(H_3O^+\), and \(H^+\) can exist in water at any time.
12. Covalent bonds occur when atoms share electron pairs.
13. Genetic material (DNA) is made up of nucleic acids.
14. Complex carbohydrates are made up of branching chains of monosaccharides.

Answer:

1. D. all of the above
2. C. both inductive and deductive reasoning
3. A. an explanation for a phenomenon based on a great amount of evidence/data to support it
4. D. hypothesis
5. D. a theory
6. B. deductive reasoning
7. A. independent variable
8. E. none of the above – all of the above are criteria for life
9. A. protons and neutrons
10. C. covalent bonds
11. E. all of the above
12. B. electron pairs
13. C. nucleic acids
14. A. Branching chains of monosaccharides