Question

bryan version a test 2 (ch 5, 6, 8, 9)
fermentation produces:
a. oxygen
b. atp
c. nadh
d. nad+
e. all of the above

1. without oxygen:

a. glycolysis can not occur in eukaryotes
b. more atp can be made in the efficient process of fermentation
c. the etc becomes \clogged\, preventing atp synthesis
d. atp synthase will react with co₂ in photorespiration

1. denaturing a protein _ its function because _.

a. enhances; the primary structure is augmented
b. enhances; secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure is augmented
c. destroys; the primary structure is interrupted
d. destroys; secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure is disrupted

1. ___ are needed to capture the energy from sunlight or from the breakdown of sugar molecules.

a. rubp
b. oxygen and water
c. energy carriers
d. coenzymes
e. competitive inhibitors

1. the _ bind in the _ of an enzyme.

a. products; substrate(s)
b. products; active site
c. substrate(s); products
d. substrate(s); active site
e. active site; products
f. active site; substrate(s)

1. the energy of an object in motion

a. first
b. second
c. potential
d. kinetic

1. movement of a substance across a membrane without the help of a membrane protein without spending any atp.

a. active transport
b. pinocytosis
c. phagocytosis
d. simple diffusion
e. facilitated diffusion

1. which phase is shown in the image at right?

a. telophase
b. anaphase
c. cytokinesis
d. prophase
e. metaphase

1. pushing the poles farther apart is the job of which kind of microtubule fiber of the spindle

a. kinetochore
b. microtubule
c. centrioles
d. polar

Explanation:

1. Fermentation regenerates NAD⁺ from NADH so glycolysis can continue. It does not produce oxygen, and while it produces a small amount of ATP, its main role here is NAD⁺ production.
2. Oxygen is the final electron - acceptor in the electron - transport chain (ETC). Without it, the ETC backs up and ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation is prevented.
3. Denaturing a protein disrupts its secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures, which are crucial for its function. The primary structure (peptide bonds) remains intact.
4. Energy carriers like ATP and NADPH are needed to capture and transfer energy from sunlight (in photosynthesis) or from sugar breakdown (in cellular respiration).
5. Substrates bind to the active site of an enzyme to undergo a chemical reaction.
6. The energy of an object in motion is kinetic energy. Potential energy is stored energy.
7. Simple diffusion is the movement of a substance across a membrane without the help of a membrane protein and without spending ATP.
8. Without seeing the image, it's impossible to determine the phase accurately. But if we assume typical knowledge, we need to analyze the cell - division stage based on characteristics like chromosome movement and nuclear envelope status.
9. Polar microtubules push the poles of the cell farther apart during cell division.

Answer:

1. D. NAD⁺
2. C. The ETC becomes "clogged", preventing ATP synthesis
3. D. Destroys; secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure is disrupted
4. C. Energy carriers
5. D. Substrate(s); active site
6. D. Kinetic
7. D. Simple diffusion
8. (No answer as image is not visible)
9. D. Polar