Question

cell processes
all of the organelles and other structures in the cell have functions. the cell can be compared to a factory with an assembly line. organelles in the cell provide the equivalent of the power supply, assembly line, packaging department, repair and maintenance, transport system, and the control center. the sum total of all the processes occurring in a cell is known as metabolism. some of these processes store energy in molecules (anabolism) while others release that stored energy (catabolism). below is a summary of the major processes that take place in a cell.
autolysis
lysosomes contain powerful digestive enzymes that destroy unwanted cell organelles and foreign objects brought into the cell.
transport in and out of the cell
simple diffusion and active transport move substances into and out of the cell across the plasma (cell surface) membrane.
protein synthesis
chromosomes in the nucleus store genetic instructions for the production of specific proteins. these proteins are put together by ribosomes on the endoplasmic reticulum.
cell division
centrioles control the movement of chromosomes during cell division.
secretion
the golgi apparatus is the packaging department of the cell. it produces secretory vesicles (small membrane - bound sacs) that are used to store useful chemicals, prepare substances for movement out of the cell (e.g., hormones), or to package digestive enzymes.
phagocytosis
the plasma membrane can engulf objects (such as food particles or bacteria). the membrane pinches off to become a vesicle, and the particles are then digested by powerful enzymes.
pinocytosis
the plasma membrane can pinch off to trap some of the surrounding watery fluid in a vesicle.
cellular respiration
respiration is a complex chemical process which starts in the cell cytoplasm but is completed in the mitochondria. this process supplies the cell with energy to carry out the many other chemical reactions of metabolism.
photosynthesis
chloroplasts (found only in plant cells) carry out the chemical process of photosynthesis. this captures light energy and transfers it into useful chemical energy.
chloroplasts are found only in plant cells. the diagram above is of an animal cell.

1. state which organelles or structures are associated with each of the processes listed below:

(a) secretion:
(b) respiration:
(c) pinocytosis:
(d) phagocytosis:
(e) protein synthesis:
(f) photosynthesis:
(g) cell division:
(h) autolysis:
(i) transport in/out of cell:

1. explain what is meant by metabolism and describe an example of a metabolic process:

Explanation:

Step1: Identify organelles for secretion

The text states that the Golgi apparatus is the packaging department of the cell and produces secretory vesicles for secretion. So for secretion, the associated organelle is the Golgi apparatus.

Step2: Identify organelles for respiration

Cellular respiration starts in the cytoplasm and is completed in the mitochondria which supply the cell with energy for other chemical reactions of metabolism. So for respiration, the associated organelle is the mitochondria.

Step3: Identify organelles for pinocytosis

The text mentions that the plasma membrane can pinch off to trap some of the surrounding watery fluid in a vesicle during pinocytosis. So the associated structure is the plasma membrane.

Step4: Identify organelles for phagocytosis

The plasma membrane can engulf objects like food particles or bacteria and form a vesicle for digestion by enzymes. So for phagocytosis, the associated structure is the plasma membrane.

Step5: Identify organelles for protein synthesis

Chromosomes in the nucleus store genetic instructions and ribosomes on the endoplasmic reticulum put together specific proteins. So the associated organelles are the nucleus, ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum.

Step6: Identify organelles for photosynthesis

Chloroplasts are found only in plant cells and carry out the chemical process of photosynthesis which captures light energy and transfers it into useful chemical energy. So for photosynthesis, the associated organelle is the chloroplast.

Step7: Identify organelles for cell - division

Centrioles control the movement of chromosomes during cell division. So for cell - division, the associated organelle is the centriole.

Step8: Identify organelles for autolysis

Lysosomes contain powerful digestive enzymes that destroy unwanted cell organelles and foreign objects brought into the cell. So for autolysis, the associated organelle is the lysosome.

Step9: Identify organelles for transport in/out of cell

Simple diffusion and active transport move substances into and out of the cell across the plasma (cell surface) membrane. So for transport in/out of cell, the associated structure is the plasma membrane.

Step10: Define metabolism and give an example

Metabolism is the sum total of all the processes occurring in a cell. An example is cellular respiration which starts in the cytoplasm and is completed in the mitochondria, supplying the cell with energy for other chemical reactions of metabolism.

Answer:

(a) Golgi apparatus
(b) Mitochondria
(c) Plasma membrane
(d) Plasma membrane
(e) Nucleus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum
(f) Chloroplast
(g) Centriole
(h) Lysosome
(i) Plasma membrane

1. Metabolism is the sum total of all processes in a cell. Example: Cellular respiration.