Question

h. 8 l.1 - 2 cell structure and function
unit 1: cells exam study guide
vocabulary
give a brief definition of each of these terms.

1. cell
2. cell theory
3. cell membrane
4. nucleus
5. eukaryote
6. prokaryote
7. cytoplasm
8. organelle
9. ribosome
10. endoplasmic reticulum
11. golgi apparatus

Explanation:

1. Cell: The basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.
2. Cell Theory: States that all living organisms are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells come from pre - existing cells.
3. Cell membrane: A semi - permeable barrier that surrounds the cell, controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
4. Nucleus: The control center of the cell, containing the cell's genetic material (DNA) and coordinating cell activities such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction.
5. Eukaryote: An organism whose cells have a true nucleus and membrane - bound organelles.
6. Prokaryote: A single - celled organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane - bound organelles.
7. Cytoplasm: The jelly - like substance within the cell membrane that contains all organelles and cell parts, and is the site of many metabolic reactions.
8. Organelle: A specialized structure within a cell that performs a specific function, such as energy production or protein synthesis.
9. Ribosome: A small organelle that is the site of protein synthesis, translating mRNA into proteins.
10. Endoplasmic reticulum: A network of membranes within the cell that is involved in protein and lipid synthesis, as well as transport of substances within the cell.
11. Golgi apparatus: An organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or use within the cell.

Answer:

1. The basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.
2. All living organisms are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells come from pre - existing cells.
3. A semi - permeable barrier controlling substance movement in and out of the cell.
4. The control center of the cell containing genetic material and coordinating cell activities.
5. An organism with cells having a true nucleus and membrane - bound organelles.
6. A single - celled organism lacking a nucleus and membrane - bound organelles.
7. The jelly - like substance within the cell membrane, site of many metabolic reactions.
8. A specialized structure performing a specific function within the cell.
9. A small organelle that is the site of protein synthesis.
10. A network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis and transport.
11. An organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids.