Question

cells make proteins to carry out many different processes in the body. some proteins are enzymes. an enzyme is a catalyst, or a substance that speeds up chemical reactions. some proteins are hormones. hormones regulate growth, metabolism, development, and reproduction in organisms. other proteins help transport molecules, contract muscles, defend the body against pathogens, and provide structural support for tissues.

the table below shows the function of several different proteins.

hemoglobin\tcarries oxygen from the lungs to other cells in the body
salivary amylase\thelps break down amylose, a type of starch, into glucose
insulin\tregulates blood glucose levels
collagen\tprovides structural support for skin, blood vessels, and muscles

complete the sentence.

collagen hemoglobin salivary amylase insulin

the protein ____ is a hormone, and __ is an enzyme. the protein __ transports molecules, and ____ provides structural support.

Explanation:

• For hormone: From the text, hormones regulate processes like blood glucose (insulin does this).
• For enzyme: Enzymes speed up reactions; salivary amylase breaks down starch (a chemical reaction).
• For transporting molecules: Hemoglobin carries oxygen (a molecule) in the body.
• For structural support: Collagen provides support for skin, blood vessels, muscles as per the table.

Answer:

The protein \(\boldsymbol{\text{insulin}}\) is a hormone, and \(\boldsymbol{\text{salivary amylase}}\) is an enzyme. The protein \(\boldsymbol{\text{hemoglobin}}\) transports molecules, and \(\boldsymbol{\text{collagen}}\) provides structural support.