Question

1. cellular division

o compare and contrast the processes of cell division in prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. provide one key similarity and two key differences.

1. energy production

o explain how energy production differs between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, with specific reference to mitochondria, chloroplasts, and the location of metabolic processes like glycolysis, fermentation, photosynthesis, aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

Explanation:

For cellular division:

• Similarity: Both result in daughter - cells with genetic material.
• Differences: Prokaryotes divide by binary fission without a mitotic spindle; eukaryotes have mitosis/meiosis with a spindle apparatus. Prokaryotes have a single circular chromosome, while eukaryotes have multiple linear chromosomes.

For energy production: Prokaryotes lack mitochondria and chloroplasts. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm. Some can do photosynthesis on internal membranes. Aerobic respiration can occur on the cell membrane. Eukaryotes have mitochondria for aerobic respiration and chloroplasts for photosynthesis in plant cells. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm and fermentation can also occur there.

Answer:

2.

• Similarity: Both produce daughter - cells with genetic information.
• Differences:
• Prokaryotes divide by binary fission without a mitotic spindle, eukaryotes use mitosis/meiosis with a spindle.
• Prokaryotes have a single circular chromosome, eukaryotes have multiple linear chromosomes.

1. Prokaryotes lack mitochondria and chloroplasts. Glycolysis is in the cytoplasm. Some do photosynthesis on internal membranes and aerobic respiration on the cell membrane. Eukaryotes have mitochondria for aerobic respiration, chloroplasts for photosynthesis in plants. Glycolysis is in the cytoplasm and fermentation can occur there too.