Question

chapter 3: biodiversity, species
five ways species interact

1. competition: species ____________ for the same resources
2. predation: one species ____________ another
3. parasitism: a ____________ attaches to or lives inside a host
4. mutualism: both species ____________ from the interaction
5. commensalism: one species benefits, the other is ____________ affected

examples of species interactions

• predator - prey relationship:
• predators use strategies like __________ and __________ to catch prey
• prey use strategies like ____________, chemical warfare, and camouflage to avoid capture

population dynamics
population growth factors

• births + __________ - deaths - __________ = population change

population characteristics

• age distribution:
• ____________ age: future population potential
• ____________ age: current population growth
• ____________ age: no population growth

types of population growth

• biotic potential: ____________ for population growth
• exponential growth: ____________ population increase
• logistic growth: population ____________ at carrying capacity

key vocabulary

• carrying capacity (k): ____________ number of organisms an environment can support
• founder effect: ____________ genetic diversity when a small group starts a new population
• density - dependent factors: population changes based on ____________ of organisms

ecological succession
primary succession

• starts with ____________ environment
• first organisms: ____________ (combination of fungus and algae)

secondary succession

• begins with existing ____________
• occurs after ____________ or disruption of ecosystem

Explanation:

This is a fill - in - the - blank study guide on ecological concepts. Competition is when species vie for resources. Predation is one species consuming another. Parasitism involves a parasite on or in a host. Mutualism means both species benefit. Commensalism is when one benefits and the other is unaffected. Predators use pursuit and ambush, while prey use warning coloration. Population change is related to births, immigration, deaths, and emigration. Age distribution has pre - reproductive, reproductive, and post - reproductive ages. Biotic potential is the maximum rate of population growth, exponential growth is rapid increase, and logistic growth levels off at carrying capacity. Carrying capacity is the maximum number an environment can support. The founder effect reduces genetic diversity. Density - dependent factors relate to organism density. Primary succession starts with a barren environment and lichens are first. Secondary succession starts with existing soil and occurs after a disturbance.

Answer:

1. compete
2. eats
3. parasite
4. benefit
5. not

• Pursuit; Ambush; Warning coloration
• Immigration; Emigration
• Pre - reproductive; Reproductive; Post - reproductive
• Maximum rate; Rapid; Levels off
• Maximum; Reduces; Density
• a barren; Lichens; soil; a disturbance