Question

chapter 8 discussion
answer the following questions in a minimum of five sentences each. your initial response to the discussion is due by wednesday of this week at 11:59 pm. classmates are due by sunday at 11:59 pm.

1. describe the path and all related steps that a molecule of oxygen would take from the air in the lungs to a muscle cell.
2. list the ways in which training improves the effectiveness of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. what types of training do you most often do? how might you be able to train more effectively in your own life?

Explanation:

1. Oxygen in the lungs first diffuses across the alveolar - capillary membrane into the blood. It then binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells. The oxygen - rich blood is transported by the circulatory system to the heart, which pumps it out to the arteries. Arteries branch into arterioles and then capillaries near muscle cells. Oxygen then diffuses from the capillaries into the muscle cells.
2. Training can improve cardiovascular and respiratory system effectiveness in several ways. Aerobic training increases the heart's stroke volume, allowing it to pump more blood per beat. It also improves lung capacity and gas exchange efficiency. Strength training can enhance muscle's ability to utilize oxygen. To train more effectively in daily life, one can engage in regular aerobic activities like walking, running or cycling, and incorporate strength - training exercises such as weight - lifting or body - weight exercises.

Answer:

1. Oxygen diffuses across alveolar - capillary membrane into blood, binds to hemoglobin, is transported by blood to heart, pumped out via arteries, reaches capillaries near muscle cells and diffuses into them.
2. Training improves effectiveness by increasing stroke volume, enhancing lung capacity and gas exchange, and muscle oxygen - utilization. To train effectively, do regular aerobic and strength - training activities.