Question

comparing arguments from diverse perspectives
read the two passages:
passage 1
many people think that standardized testing is unnecessary, however. standardized testing is the only way to measure student achievement. viewing student testing only from a students perspective is missing the point. if we think of it in practical terms, we can see that testing students gives us a baseline to assist those students in their area of greatest need. without standardized testing that assistance would not be possible.
passage 2
students experience anxiety during standardized testing. everyone knows this, and everyone should realize that no child deserves to feel unnecessary stress. imagine one of your own children suffering through the rigors of a week - or more - of testing. imagine that anxiety, even though there were clearly alternatives available to avoid it. this is just one of the many reasons to eliminate standardized testing in our schools.
how do the fallacies in the first passage differ from the fallacies in the second?
passage 1 contains an ad hominem attack while passage 2 contains a false dilemma
passage 1 contains an appeal to emotion while passage 2 contains an ad hominem attack
passage 1 contains a false dilemma while passage 2 contains a bandwagon appeal
passage 1 contains a bandwagon appeal while passage 2 contains ad hominem attack

Explanation:

In Passage 1, the claim that standardized - testing is the only way to measure student achievement presents a false dilemma by ignoring other possible methods of assessment. In Passage 2, the statement "Everyone knows this" and the appeal to the reader's emotions about their own children suffering from test - related anxiety is a bandwagon appeal (suggesting that because everyone believes students experience anxiety, it must be true) and an appeal to emotion.

Answer:

Passage 1 contains a false dilemma, while passage 2 contains a bandwagon appeal.