Question

in the context of symbiotic relationships, what characterizes parasitism? a. both species are harmed b. both species benefit c. both species are unaffected d. one species benefits at the expense of another what is the highest level of ecological organization encompassing the earths ecosystems? a. population b. community c. biosphere d. biome what role do decomposers play in ecosystems? a. predator control b. nutrient recyclers c. oxygen suppliers d. energy producers

Explanation:

1. Parasitism is a symbiotic relationship where one organism (the parasite) benefits and the other (the host) is harmed. So, one species benefits at the expense of another.
2. The biosphere is the global ecological system integrating all living beings and their relationships, including their interactions with the Earth's lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. It is the highest - level of ecological organization encompassing all of Earth's ecosystems.
3. Decomposers break down dead organic matter, releasing nutrients back into the environment, thus acting as nutrient recyclers in ecosystems.

Answer:

1. d. One species benefits at the expense of another
2. c. Biosphere
3. b. Nutrient recyclers