1. describe the structure and function of the respiratory system
true or false
1. ___ respiration occurs in the lungs.
2. ___ expiration is breathing in.
3. ___ the respiratory system brings oxygen into the body and eliminates carbon dioxide.
4. ___ the tonsils are made of lymphatic tissue.
5. ___ the vocal cords are located in the trachea.
6. ___ the larynx is also called the windpipe.
7. ___ oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the alveoli and the capillaries.
8. ___ the pleura is a two - layered membrane that covers the lungs.
multiple choice
9. the lower trachea divides into two branches called
(a) alveoli
(b) bronchi
(c) tonsils
(d) the nasopharynx and the oropharynx
10. the three forms of respiration are
(a) shallow, deep, and rapid
(b) external, internal, and cellular
(c) distal, medial, and proximal
(d) acidic, alkaline, and neutral
11. which of the following is true?
(a) both lungs are the same size.
(b) the left lung is slightly larger than the right lung.
(c) the left lung is twice as large as the right lung.
(d) the right lung is slightly larger than the left lung.
12. what is located between the layers of the pleura?
(a) the alveoli
(b) lubricating fluid
(c) the pulmonary arteries
(d) lymphatic tissue that protects the respiratory system from pathogens
2. discuss lifespan changes to the respiratory system
fill in the blank
1. the lungs begin to function ____ birth.
2. a newborn’s airway is filled with ______.
3. lung capacity increases throughout childhood as more _______ are formed in the lungs.
4. the lungs become fully mature around _____ year(s) of age.
5. as an adult reaches their _______ lung capacity starts to decrease.
normal or sign/symptom
6. ___ in a pediatric patient, shortness of breath after walking a short distance

Question

Accepted Answer

### True or False
1. **Brief Explanations**: Respiration (gas exchange) occurs in the lungs' alveoli. So this is true.
   # Answer: True
2. **Brief Explanations**: Expiration is breathing out; inspiration is breathing in. So this is false.
   # Answer: False
3. **Brief Explanations**: The respiratory system's main function is gas exchange (oxygen in, carbon dioxide out). So this is true.
   # Answer: True
4. **Brief Explanations**: Tonsils are lymphatic tissue (part of the immune system, related to respiratory tract defense). So this is true.
   # Answer: True
5. **Brief Explanations**: Vocal cords are in the larynx, not the trachea. Trachea is the windpipe. So this is false.
   # Answer: False
6. **Brief Explanations**: Larynx is the voice box; trachea is the windpipe. So this is false.
   # Answer: False
7. **Brief Explanations**: Gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide) happens between alveoli and capillaries. So this is true.
   # Answer: True
8. **Brief Explanations**: Pleura is a two - layered membrane (parietal and visceral) covering the lungs. So this is true.
   # Answer: True

### Multiple Choice
9. **Brief Explanations**: The lower trachea divides into two bronchi (one for each lung). Alveoli are air sacs, tonsils are lymph tissue, and nasopharynx/oropharynx are part of the upper respiratory tract.
   # Answer: B. Bronchi
10. **Brief Explanations**: The three forms of respiration are external (lung - blood), internal (blood - cells), and cellular (within cells). Shallow/deep/rapid are breathing patterns, distal/medial/proximal are anatomical terms, and acidic/alkaline/neutral relate to pH.
   # Answer: B. External, internal, and cellular
11. **Brief Explanations**: The right lung has three lobes, the left has two (due to heart space), so the right lung is slightly larger.
   # Answer: D. The right lung is slightly larger than the left lung.
12. **Brief Explanations**: Between the pleural layers (parietal and visceral) is a lubricating fluid that reduces friction during breathing. Alveoli are in the lungs, pulmonary arteries carry blood to lungs, and lymphatic tissue for pathogen defense is not between pleural layers.
   # Answer: B. Lubricating fluid

### Fill in the Blank
1. **Brief Explanations**: Lungs begin to function at birth (first breath).
   # Answer: at
2. **Brief Explanations**: A newborn's airway is filled with fluid (amniotic fluid, which is cleared after birth).
   # Answer: fluid
3. **Brief Explanations**: Lung capacity increases in childhood as more alveoli (air - exchange units) are formed.
   # Answer: alveoli
4. **Brief Explanations**: Lungs fully mature around 8 years of age (typical developmental milestone).
   # Answer: 8
5. **Brief Explanations**: Lung capacity starts to decrease in adulthood, typically around the 30s (or mid - adulthood).
   # Answer: 30s (or thirties)

### Normal or Sign/Symptom
6. **Brief Explanations**: In a pediatric patient, shortness of breath after a short walk is not normal (could indicate respiratory issues like asthma, infection, etc.). Normal pediatric patients should be able to walk short distances without dyspnea.
   # Answer: Sign/Symptom

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