Question

directions: answer the following questions using what you have learned from the reading section.
matching:

1. these replaced oxen for pulling plows.
2. these replaced horses for field work.
3. plows made of this tilled heavy soils more easily.
4. these steam - powered harvesters appeared in 1850.
5. modern farmers use these to do more with less labor.

a. tractors
b. threshing machines
c. computers
d. horses
e. steel
multiple choice:

1. where did england get most of its cotton after 1800? a. united states b. canada c. brazil d. india
2. which of these was not a technique farmers used to get more out of their land with less labor? a. fertilizing fields b. planting by hand c. crop rotation d. new crops and breeds of livestock

structured response:

1. why were there fewer people to work on farms during the industrial revolution?
2. what group of farmers in england were the most open to the idea of changing traditional farming practices and techniques?
3. what system was used to continue cotton production in the united states after the civil war? how did it work?

Explanation:

1. Tractors replaced oxen for pulling plows and horses for field - work. Steel - made plows could till heavy soils more easily. Steam - powered harvesters and modern farmers use machinery to do more with less labor.
2. After 1800, England got most of its cotton from the United States.
3. Planting by hand is labor - intensive and not a technique to get more out of land with less labor. Fertilizing fields, crop rotation, and new crops/breeds of livestock can increase productivity with less labor.
4. During the Industrial Revolution, people moved to cities for factory jobs, reducing the farm - working population.
5. Large landowners in England were most open to changing traditional farming practices as they could afford new technologies and methods.
6. After the Civil War in the US, the sharecropping system was used for cotton production. Sharecroppers worked the land in exchange for a share of the crop, often remaining in debt to landowners.

Answer:

1. 1 - A, 2 - A, 3 - E, 4 - B, 5 - A
2. A. United States
3. B. planting by hand
4. People moved to cities for factory jobs during the Industrial Revolution, leaving fewer people to work on farms.
5. Large landowners.
6. The sharecropping system was used. Sharecroppers worked the land and gave a portion of the crop to the landowner in exchange for the right to farm, often getting into debt in the process.