Question

draw isotonic hypotonic and hypertonic cells in solutions. include the arrows that indicate the direction of particle flow.

Explanation:

1. Isotonic Solution: The solute concentration inside and outside the cell is equal. Water moves equally in both directions, so the cell shape stays the same.
2. Hypotonic Solution: The solute concentration is lower outside the cell than inside. Water moves into the cell, causing it to swell (animal cell) or become turgid (plant cell with cell wall).
3. Hypertonic Solution: The solute concentration is higher outside the cell than inside. Water moves out of the cell, causing it to shrink (animal cell) or plasmolyze (plant cell, cell membrane pulls away from cell wall).

Arrows indicate the net direction of water (particle) flow.

Answer:

1. Isotonic Solution

• Cell: Normal, unchanged shape (e.g., round animal cell, firm plant cell)
• Flow Arrows: Equal number of small arrows pointing into and out of the cell (no net flow)
• Labeling: Label extracellular fluid "Isotonic (equal solute conc.)", cell interior "Cell (equal solute conc.)"

2. Hypotonic Solution

• Cell: Swollen animal cell, turgid plant cell (cell membrane pressed against cell wall)
• Flow Arrows: More arrows pointing into the cell than out (net flow into cell)
• Labeling: Label extracellular fluid "Hypotonic (low solute conc.)", cell interior "Cell (high solute conc.)"

3. Hypertonic Solution

• Cell: Shriveled animal cell, plasmolyzed plant cell (cell membrane pulled away from cell wall)
• Flow Arrows: More arrows pointing out of the cell than in (net flow out of cell)
• Labeling: Label extracellular fluid "Hypertonic (high solute conc.)", cell interior "Cell (low solute conc.)"