Question

1. draw, label, and define homologous chromosomes in the box below.

Explanation:

Homologous chromosomes are a pair of chromosomes (one inherited from each parent) that have the same gene loci, size, and centromere position, controlling the same traits. The drawing depicts this pair with matching features, labeled to show maternal/paternal origin, centromeres, and gene loci.

Answer:

Drawing (description for the box):

┌─────────────┐     ┌─────────────┐
│     A       │     │     a       │
│             │     │             │
│ ○           │     │ ○           │
│             │     │             │
│     B       │     │     b       │
└─────────────┘     └─────────────┘
  Maternal Chromosome   Paternal Chromosome
       (Label 1)           (Label 2)
    ○ = Centromere (Label 3)
A/a, B/b = Matching gene loci (Label 4)

Definition:

Homologous chromosomes are two chromosomes (one from each biological parent) that are identical in length, centromere location, and carry genes for the same traits at corresponding positions, although the gene variants (alleles) may differ.