Question

energetics (photosynthesis and cellular respiration) foldable handout

1. when does aerobic respiration occur?
2. what are two types of anaerobic respiration?
3. draw and label the mitochondrion?
4. what is the product of lactic acid fermentation?
5. what is the product of alcoholic fermentation?
6. where does fermentation occur within the cell?
7. where does cellular respiration occur within the cell?
8. what reactant and product in cellular respiration are involved in the krebs cycle?
9. what three materials exit the krebs cycle?
10. why are the intermediate molecules important to the electron transport chain?
11. where does the krebs cycle occur within the mitochondrion?
12. what reactant and product in cellular respiration are involved in the electron transport chain?
13. what enzyme actually creates the atp?
14. how much atp is made in glycolysis?
15. how much atp is made in the krebs cycle?
16. how much atp is made by the electron transport chain?

Explanation:

1. Aerobic respiration occurs when oxygen is available. It is the process by which cells break down glucose to produce energy in the form of ATP, carbon - dioxide and water.
2. The two types of anaerobic respiration are lactic - acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation. In lactic - acid fermentation, pyruvate is converted to lactic acid, while in alcoholic fermentation, pyruvate is converted to ethanol and carbon - dioxide.
3. A mitochondrion has an outer membrane, an inner membrane with cristae (folds), a matrix (the space inside the inner membrane), and inter - membrane space. The outer membrane is smooth and allows for the passage of small molecules, while the inner membrane is the site of the electron transport chain and ATP synthesis.
4. The product of lactic - acid fermentation is lactic acid. This occurs when there is a lack of oxygen and cells need to regenerate NAD+ from NADH to continue glycolysis.
5. The products of alcoholic fermentation are ethanol and carbon - dioxide. This process is used by yeast and some bacteria to produce energy in the absence of oxygen.
6. Fermentation occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. It is an anaerobic process that follows glycolysis and does not require oxygen.
7. Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria of the cell. The process includes glycolysis (in the cytoplasm), the Krebs cycle (in the mitochondrial matrix), and the electron transport chain (in the inner mitochondrial membrane).
8. In the Krebs cycle, the reactant is acetyl - CoA and the products include carbon - dioxide, ATP, NADH, and FADH2.
9. The three materials that exit the Krebs cycle are carbon - dioxide, ATP, and reduced co - enzymes (NADH and FADH2).
10. The intermediate molecules in the Krebs cycle are important to the electron transport chain because they donate high - energy electrons. These electrons are passed through a series of electron carriers in the electron transport chain to generate ATP.
11. The Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.
12. In the electron transport chain, the reactants are NADH, FADH2, and oxygen, and the products are water and ATP.
13. The enzyme that actually creates ATP is ATP synthase. It uses the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane to phosphorylate ADP to ATP.
14. In glycolysis, a net of 2 ATP molecules are made.
15. In the Krebs cycle, a net of 2 ATP molecules are made per glucose molecule.
16. The electron transport chain makes approximately 32 - 34 ATP molecules per glucose molecule.

Answer:

1. When oxygen is available.
2. Lactic - acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation.
3. Outer membrane, inner membrane with cristae, matrix, inter - membrane space.
4. Lactic acid.
5. Ethanol and carbon - dioxide.
6. Cytoplasm.
7. Mitochondria.
8. Reactant: Acetyl - CoA; Products: Carbon - dioxide, ATP, NADH, FADH2.
9. Carbon - dioxide, ATP, NADH and FADH2.
10. They donate high - energy electrons.
11. Mitochondrial matrix.
12. Reactants: NADH, FADH2, oxygen; Products: Water, ATP.
13. ATP synthase.
14. 2 ATP.
15. 2 ATP.
16. Approximately 32 - 34 ATP.