Question

1. energy production

explain how energy production differs between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, with specific reference to mitochondria, chloroplasts, and the location of metabolic processes like glycolysis, fermentation, photosynthesis, aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

Explanation:

Prokaryotic cells lack membrane - bound organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts. In prokaryotes, glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm for energy production. Fermentation can also happen in the cytoplasm. Aerobic respiration in prokaryotes occurs across the cell membrane. In eukaryotes, glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm, but aerobic respiration mainly occurs in mitochondria, which have specialized structures for the electron - transport chain and ATP production. Chloroplasts in plant eukaryotes are involved in photosynthesis.

Answer:

In prokaryotic cells, energy - producing processes like glycolysis occur in the cytoplasm. Fermentation also takes place in the cytoplasm, and aerobic respiration occurs across the cell membrane. In eukaryotic cells, glycolysis starts in the cytoplasm, but aerobic respiration is mainly in mitochondria. Chloroplasts in plant eukaryotes are for photosynthesis.