Question

1. great britain:

1. germany:

1. austria:

1. italy:

renaissance and reformation:

1. renaissance (meaning)

1. humanism (characteristics)

1. francesco petrarch

1. reasons the renaissance began in italy

Explanation:

Answer:

1. "Rebirth" (revival of classical Greek and Roman learning, art, and human-centered thought in Europe)
2. Emphasis on human potential, individual achievement, classical studies, and secularism alongside religious faith
3. Italian scholar, poet, and early humanist; often called the "Father of Humanism"
4. Proximity to classical Greek/Roman heritage, wealthy merchant patronage, geographic trade advantages, and political fragmentation fostering competition