Question

the hawaiian language has 12 letters: five vowels and seven consonants. each of the 12 hawaiian letters are written on a slip of paper and placed in the bag. a letter is randomly chosen from the bag and then replaced. then, a second letter is randomly chosen from the bag. what is the probability that two vowels are chosen?
$\frac{5}{72}$
$\frac{25}{144}$
$\frac{7}{12}$
$\frac{5}{6}$

Explanation:

Step1: Calculate first - draw probability

The probability of choosing a vowel on the first draw is the number of vowels divided by the total number of letters. There are 5 vowels and 12 total letters, so the probability $P_1=\frac{5}{12}$.

Step2: Calculate second - draw probability

Since the letter is replaced, the probability of choosing a vowel on the second draw is also the number of vowels divided by the total number of letters. So $P_2 = \frac{5}{12}$.

Step3: Calculate joint - probability

For independent events (the first draw and the second draw are independent because of replacement), the probability of both events occurring is the product of their individual probabilities. So $P = P_1\times P_2=\frac{5}{12}\times\frac{5}{12}=\frac{25}{144}$.

Answer:

$\frac{25}{144}$