Question

herbert spencer used the concept of social darwinism to defend
the concepts of philanthropy and generous giving.
the rise of poverty and the mortality rates of less fortunate people.
the evolution of the human species and the will to survive.
the need for immigration and equality between the classes.

Explanation:

Social Darwinism applies Darwin's evolution (survival of the fittest) to society. Herbert Spencer used it to justify human evolution and survival drive. Philanthropy (option 1) contradicts "survival of fittest"; poverty/mortality (option 2) is not a defense but an outcome; immigration/equality (option 4) also contradicts social Darwinism's hierarchy. So option 3 matches.

Answer:

C. the evolution of the human species and the will to survive.