Question

the image below shows the process of dna replication. identify the components of the process.

Explanation:

1. Topoisomerase: Relieves supercoiling ahead of the replication fork (the purple circular structure near parent DNA, helping to unwind tension in the DNA helix).
2. DNA Helicase: Unwinds the double - helix structure of DNA (the yellow - shaped enzyme separating the parent DNA strands).
3. RNA Primase: Synthesizes the RNA primer (the short RNA segment labeled, which is needed for DNA polymerase to start adding nucleotides).
4. DNA Polymerase: Adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand (the brown - colored enzyme, one on the leading strand and one on the lagging strand; on the lagging strand, it synthesizes short fragments).
5. Okazaki Fragment: Short DNA fragments on the lagging strand (the short segments on the lagging strand, synthesized discontinuously by DNA polymerase and later joined together).

Answer:

• The purple circular structure (near parent DNA): topoisomerase
• The yellow - shaped enzyme (separating parent DNA): DNA helicase
• The short RNA segment: RNA primase
• The brown - colored enzyme (on lagging strand): DNA polymerase (for Okazaki fragment synthesis)
• The short segments on lagging strand: Okazaki fragment
• The brown - colored enzyme (on leading strand): DNA polymerase (continuous synthesis)