key concept review
1. what is an ecosystem?
2. what is biodiversity a measure of?
3. what are the characteristics of a sustainable ecosystem?
4. do biomes contain ecosystems, or do ecosystems contain biomes? explain your answer.
5. what is ecology?
6. what is the difference between a biotic and an abiotic component of an ecosystem?
7. how do marine biomes differ from freshwater biomes?
8. explain what a population is.
9. what are the three components that support the biosphere?
connect your understanding
10. you interact with abiotic and biotic parts of your environment every day.
(a) list five abiotic factors in your environment.
(b) list five biotic factors in your environment.
11. what abiotic factors may affect the growth of an oak tree in an ontario forest?
12. if you travelled north from southern ontario to the arctic, you would pass through several biomes. how would the vegetation change during this trip?
13. a stream is an aquatic ecosystem, but it can also be part of a forest ecosystem at the same time. explain how this is possible.
14. our planet has been referred to as spaceship earth. explain how this might be an effective way to describe our planet.
15. examine the ecosystem in the photograph below.
(a) identify three abiotic factors that are part of this ecosystem.
(b) identify three biotic factors that are part of the ecosystem.
16. an analogy is a comparison between two different things that are alike in some ways, but different in others. in this section, a bicycle was an analogy used to identify some of the characteristics of an ecosystem. create another analogy that shows some of the characteristics of an ecosystem.
17. ecologists must understand the components that make up an ecosystem. ecologists have to take a holistic view. explain how both of these statements are true.
reflection
18. describe three things you did not know about ecosystems before you started working on this chapter.
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# Brief Explanations:
1. An ecosystem is a community of living organisms (biotic factors) interacting with their physical environment (abiotic factors).
2. Biodiversity is a measure of the variety of life in a particular habitat or ecosystem, including the variety of species, genetic variation within species, and the variety of ecosystems.
3. Characteristics of a sustainable ecosystem include biodiversity, energy flow, nutrient cycling, resilience, and self - regulation.
4. Biomes contain ecosystems. A biome is a large region characterized by its climate and distinctive plant and animal communities, and within a biome, there are multiple ecosystems with their own specific interactions.
5. Ecology is the study of the relationships between living organisms and their environment.
6. A biotic component is a living part of an ecosystem such as plants, animals, and microorganisms. An abiotic component is a non - living part such as sunlight, water, soil, temperature, and air.
7. Marine biomes have high salt content, cover a large portion of the Earth's surface, and have unique species adapted to high - salinity conditions. Freshwater biomes have low salt content and different species adapted to these conditions.
8. A population is a group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and can interbreed.
9. The three components that support the biosphere are the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere.
10. (a) Five abiotic factors in the environment could be sunlight, air, water, soil, and temperature. (b) Five biotic factors could be trees, birds, insects, grass, and humans.
11. Abiotic factors that may affect the growth of an oak tree in an Ontario forest include sunlight availability, temperature, precipitation, soil type, and wind.
12. Traveling from southern Ontario to the Arctic, the vegetation would change from deciduous and coniferous forests in southern Ontario to tundra vegetation in the Arctic, with changes in species composition and adaptations to colder temperatures and shorter growing seasons.
13. A stream is an aquatic ecosystem with its own set of biotic and abiotic factors. It can be part of a forest ecosystem because the forest provides shade, organic matter, and nutrients to the stream, and the stream provides water and habitat for forest organisms.
14. Referring to the planet as Spaceship Earth is effective because it emphasizes the idea that all life on Earth is interconnected and dependent on the limited resources available on the planet, similar to how all passengers and systems on a spaceship are interdependent.
15. (a) Three abiotic factors in the ecosystem in the photograph could be rocks, water, and sunlight. (b) Three biotic factors could be plants, insects, and small animals.
16. An example of an analogy for an ecosystem could be a city. The buildings and infrastructure are like the abiotic factors, and the people, animals, and plants within the city are like the biotic factors. There are different "niches" for different people (jobs, housing), and there is an exchange of resources (like energy and materials) just as in an ecosystem.
17. Ecologists must understand the components of an ecosystem because all parts are interconnected and changes in one part can affect the whole. Taking a holistic view means considering all biotic and abiotic factors together to understand how the ecosystem functions and responds to changes.
18. Answers will vary depending on the individual's prior knowledge. For example, one might not have known about the specific nutrient - cycling processes in a particular ecosystem, the unique adaptations of certain species in a biome, or the complex interactions between different biotic and abiotic factors.

# Answer:
1. An ecosystem is a community of living and non - living components interacting with each other.
2. Biodiversity measures the variety of life in a habitat or ecosystem.
3. Sustainable ecosystem characteristics include biodiversity, energy flow, etc.
4. Biomes contain ecosystems as they are large regions with multiple ecosystems within.
5. Ecology is the study of organism - environment relationships.
6. Biotic are living, abiotic are non - living components.
7. Marine biomes have high salt content, different from freshwater biomes.
8. A population is a group of the same species in an area.
9. Atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere support the biosphere.
10. (a) Sunlight, air, water, soil, temperature. (b) Trees, birds, insects, grass, humans.
11. Sunlight, temperature, precipitation, soil type, wind.
12. Vegetation changes from forests to tundra.
13. Stream is part of forest ecosystem as they exchange resources.
14. It emphasizes Earth's interconnectedness and resource dependence.
15. (a) Rocks, water, sunlight. (b) Plants, insects, small animals.
16. A city can be an analogy for an ecosystem.
17. All ecosystem components are interconnected; holistic view considers all factors.
18. Varies by individual.

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