Question

1. the kind of government before the revolution was absolute monarchy. the kind of government after the revolution was republican government. 3. the five causes of the french revolution are a. estate system b. c. d. e. name: causes of the french revolution - reading directions: use the following or historycrunch.com/causes-of-the-french-revolution/

Explanation:

To answer the question about the five causes of the French Revolution (after the given "Estate System" as part a), we refer to historical knowledge:

The French Revolution had multiple interconnected causes. After the Estate System (a), the other key causes are:

• b. Financial Crisis: France faced debt from wars (like the Seven Years’ War and American Revolution), leading to tax burdens on the Third Estate.
• c. Enlightenment Ideas: Philosophers (e.g., Rousseau, Voltaire) promoted concepts of liberty, equality, and popular sovereignty, challenging the old regime.
• d. Weak Leadership: Louis XVI’s ineffective rule (indecision, mismanagement) exacerbated tensions.
• e. Economic Hardship: High food prices (especially bread), unemployment, and a stagnant economy hit the Third Estate hard.

Answer:

(for question 3, filling in b–e):
b. Financial Crisis
c. Enlightenment Ideas
d. Weak Leadership (of Louis XVI)
e. Economic Hardship (High Food Prices/Unemployment)

(Note: These are standard historical causes; phrasing may vary slightly, but these are the core themes.)