Question

macromolecule test review

1. what are the 6 major elements of life? provide their full name and chemical symbol.

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.

1. what properties of carbon explain carbons ability to form different large and complex structures?
2. name four groups of organic compounds (macromolecules/biomolecules) found in living things. identify the monomer(s) and give a few examples of each type of macromolecule.

macromolecule	monomer(s)	function	examples

1. what is the definition of a macromolecule?
2. what are the two types of fatty acids? &
3. what are two differences between the two types of fatty acids?
4. whats the function of a nucleic acid?

Explanation:

1. The six major elements of life are Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Sulfur (S). These are the building - blocks for biological molecules.
2. Carbon can form four covalent bonds, allowing it to create long chains, branched structures, and rings. It can also form double and triple bonds, increasing the complexity of the molecules it forms.

3.

• Carbohydrates: Monomer is monosaccharide. Function is energy source and structural support. Examples: glucose, starch.
• Lipids: Monomers are fatty acids and glycerol. Function is energy storage, insulation, and membrane - formation. Examples: fats, oils.
• Proteins: Monomer is amino acid. Function is catalysis, structure, transport, and regulation. Examples: enzymes, hemoglobin.
• Nucleic acids: Monomer is nucleotide. Function is storing and transmitting genetic information. Examples: DNA, RNA.

1. A macromolecule is a very large molecule, typically formed by the polymerization of smaller subunits (monomers).
2. The two types of fatty acids are saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids.
3. Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds in their carbon - chain and are usually solid at room temperature. Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds in their carbon - chain and are usually liquid at room temperature. Also, saturated fatty acids have a straight - chain structure while unsaturated can have bent structures due to double bonds.
4. Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) store, transmit, and can express genetic information. DNA is the genetic material in most organisms, and RNA is involved in processes like protein synthesis.

Answer:

1. A. Carbon (C); B. Hydrogen (H); C. Oxygen (O); D. Nitrogen (N); E. Phosphorus (P); F. Sulfur (S)
2. Can form four covalent bonds, double and triple bonds, long chains, branched and ring structures.

3.

macromolecule	monomer(s)	function	examples
Lipids	fatty acids and glycerol	energy storage, insulation, membrane - formation	fats, oils
Proteins	amino acid	catalysis, structure, transport, regulation	enzymes, hemoglobin
Nucleic acids	nucleotide	storing and transmitting genetic information	DNA, RNA

1. A very large molecule formed by polymerization of smaller subunits (monomers).
2. Saturated fatty acids & Unsaturated fatty acids
3. Saturated are solid at room temp, unsaturated are liquid; Saturated have straight - chain, unsaturated can be bent.
4. Store, transmit, and express genetic information.