Question

1. ____ means that everyone in the population has the same likelihood of being asked to participate in the study.

a. operationalizing
b. placebo effect
c. random assignment
d. random sampling

1. the __ is controlled by the experimenter, while the __ represents the information collected and statistically analyzed by the experiment.

a. dependent variable; independent variable
b. independent variable; dependent variable
c. placebo effect; experiment bias
d. experiment bias; placebo effect

Explanation:

Question 9

To solve this, we analyze each option:

• Option A: Operationalizing is defining variables for measurement, not about sampling likelihood. Eliminate.
• Option B: Placebo effect is about psychological impact of a placebo, not sampling. Eliminate.
• Option C: Random assignment is about assigning participants to groups, not about population sampling likelihood. Eliminate.
• Option D: Random sampling means every individual in the population has an equal chance of being selected for the study, which matches the description.

In an experiment:

• The independent variable is manipulated/controlled by the experimenter.
• The dependent variable is the outcome being measured (information collected and analyzed).

Now analyze options:

• Option A: Reverses independent and dependent variables. Eliminate.
• Option B: Independent variable is controlled by experimenter; dependent variable is the measured outcome (collected/analyzed info). This matches.
• Option C: Placebo effect and experiment bias are not the variables controlled/measured. Eliminate.
• Option D: Experiment bias and placebo effect are not the key variables here. Eliminate.

Answer:

D. random sampling

Question 10