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module 1.2: overview of the nervous system 7) briefly define the major …

Question

module 1.2: overview of the nervous system

  1. briefly define the major divisions of the nervous system

flowchart: nervous system → central (brain, spinal cord), peripheral (sensory pathways, motor pathways: somatic (voluntary), autonomic (involuntary): sympathetic, parasympathetic)

  1. list some biological body functions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

table with sympathetic and parasympathetic columns

Explanation:

Response
Question 7
Brief Explanations

The nervous system has two main divisions: the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, responsible for processing and integrating information. The PNS includes all nerves outside the CNS, divided into sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) pathways. The motor pathways further split into the Somatic Nervous System (voluntary, controlling skeletal muscles) and the Autonomic Nervous System (involuntary, regulating internal organs). The Autonomic Nervous System has two subdivisions: the Sympathetic (prepares the body for "fight or flight") and Parasympathetic (promotes "rest and digest") divisions.

Brief Explanations

The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system have opposing roles in regulating bodily functions. The sympathetic system activates during stress (fight/flight), while the parasympathetic system dominates at rest (rest/digest).

Answer:

  • Central Nervous System (CNS): Comprises the brain and spinal cord, integrating and processing neural signals.
  • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Includes all nerves outside the CNS, divided into:
  • Sensory Pathways: Transmit sensory information to the CNS.
  • Motor Pathways: Transmit motor commands from the CNS, split into:
  • Somatic Nervous System: Controls voluntary skeletal muscle movements.
  • Autonomic Nervous System: Regulates involuntary functions (e.g., organs), split into:
  • Sympathetic Division: Activates "fight or flight" responses (e.g., increased heart rate).
  • Parasympathetic Division: Promotes "rest and digest" responses (e.g., decreased heart rate).
Question 8